Chapter 2: Arithmetic

Co-authored-by: Cliff Click <cliffc@acm.org>
Co-authored-by: Thalia Archibald <thalia@archibald.dev>
Co-authored-by: Yichen Yan <oraluben@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: Tamás Hadházy <85063808+Hels15@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: XmiliaH <45106915+XmiliaH@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Hsiang-Ying Fu <66062782+fuhsnn@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: hadha <helsgithub15@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: RobertObkircher <robert.obkircher@gmail.com>

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+# Grammar for Chapter 1
+
+```antlrv4
+grammar SimpleLanguage;
+
+program
+    : statement EOF
+    ;
+
+statement
+    : 'return' expression ';'
+    ;
+
+expression
+    : additiveExpression
+    ;
+
+additiveExpression
+    : multiplicativeExpression (('+' | '-') multiplicativeExpression)*
+    ;
+
+multiplicativeExpression
+    : unaryExpression (('*' | '/') unaryExpression)*
+    ;
+
+unaryExpression
+    : ('-') unaryExpression
+    | primaryExpression
+    ;
+
+primaryExpression
+    : INTEGER_LITERAL
+    | '(' expression ')'
+    ;
+
+INTEGER_LITERAL
+    : [1-9][0-9]*
+    | [0]
+    ;
+```