Chapter 8: Lazy Phis, Break, Continue, and Evaluator

Co-authored-by: Dibyendu Majumdar <mobile@majumdar.org.uk>
Co-authored-by: XmiliaH <45106915+XmiliaH@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Thalia Archibald <thalia@archibald.dev>
Co-authored-by: Hsiang-Ying Fu <66062782+fuhsnn@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Symious <14933944+symious@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: tannal <tannal2409@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: hadha <helsgithub15@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: fuhsnn <66062782+fuhsnn@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tamás Hadházy <85063808+Hels15@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: RobertObkircher <robert.obkircher@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Robert Obkircher <robert.obkircher@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jun Kawasaki <jun784@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Darrick Wiebe <darrickw@untether.ai>

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class="edge CTRL" id="e34i2" d="M419,943 L419,1132" stroke="#b63838" marker-start="url(#arrow-CTRL)" style="opacity: 1;"><title>#34[2] → #14 · CTRL</title></path><path class="edge DATA" id="e35i1" d="M300,395 L300,400 Q300,405 295,405 L167,405 Q159,405 159,413 L159,501 Q159,509 151,509 L65,509 Q57,509 57,517 L57,1096 Q57,1104 65,1104 L513,1104 Q521,1104 521,1112 L521,1132" stroke="#536477" marker-start="url(#arrow-DATA)" style="opacity: 1;"><title>#35[1] → #8 · DATA</title></path><path class="edge DATA" id="e35i2" d="M578,203.33333333333331 L578,238 Q578,246 586,246 L703,246 Q711,246 711,254 L711,1086 Q711,1094 703,1094 L569,1094 Q561,1094 561,1102 L561,1132" stroke="#536477" marker-start="url(#arrow-DATA)" style="opacity: 1;"><title>#35[2] → #16 · DATA</title></path><path class="edge CTRL" id="e39i1" d="M319,795 L319,991" stroke="#b63838" marker-start="url(#arrow-CTRL)" style="opacity: 1;"><title>#39[1] → #12 · CTRL</title></path><path class="edge CTRL" id="e39i2" d="M539,943 L539,948 Q539,953 534,953 L357,953 Q349,953 349,961 L349,991" stroke="#b63838" marker-start="url(#arrow-CTRL)" style="opacity: 1;"><title>#39[2] → #20 · CTRL</title></path><path class="edge CTRL" id="e40i0" d="M389,1188 L389,1236" stroke="#b63838" marker-start="url(#arrow-CTRL)" style="opacity: 1;"><title>#40[0] → #34 · CTRL</title></path><path class="edge DATA" id="e40i1" d="M541,1188 L541,1193 Q541,1198 536,1198 L437,1198 Q429,1198 429,1206 L429,1236" stroke="#536477" marker-start="url(#arrow-DATA)" style="opacity: 1;"><title>#40[1] → #35 · DATA</title></path></g><g class="edge-hits"/><g class="parser" style="opacity: 1;"/><g class="nodes"><g class="node" id="n1" data-id="1" transform="translate(88,166)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H120V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>$ctrl</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #1/0</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#1 $ctrl
+Projection 0 of #2
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #2  CTRL</title></g><g class="node" id="n2" data-id="2" transform="translate(88,122)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H240V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="120" y="18"><tspan>Start</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #2</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="120"/><title>#2 Start
+Type not computed
+
+</title></g><g class="node" id="n3" data-id="3" transform="translate(447,1340)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H72V26H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="36" y="17"><tspan>Stop</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #3</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="36"/><title>#3 Stop
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #40  CTRL</title><circle class="port" cx="36" cy="0" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="36" y="-7" text-anchor="middle">0</text></g><g class="node" id="n4" data-id="4" transform="translate(208,166)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H120V44H0Z" fill="#edf3f7"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>arg</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #4/1</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#4 arg
+Projection 1 of #2
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #2  DATA</title></g><g class="node" id="n5" data-id="5" transform="translate(68,597)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H120V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>True</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #5/0</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#5 True
+Projection 0 of #11
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #11  CTRL</title></g><g class="node" id="n6" data-id="6" transform="translate(88,345)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M20,0H100Q120,0 120,20V24Q120,44 100,44H20Q0,44 0,24V20Q0,0 20,0Z" fill="#ffe0ab"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>Loop</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #6</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#6 Loop
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → —  DATA
+[1] → #1  CTRL
+[2] → #39  CTRL</title><circle class="port" cx="30" cy="-3" r="3" fill="white"/><circle class="port" cx="60" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="90" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="30" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="60" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text><text class="slot" x="90" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">2</text></g><g class="node" id="n7" data-id="7" transform="translate(188,597)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H120V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>False</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #7/1</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#7 False
+Projection 1 of #11
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #11  CTRL</title></g><g class="node" id="n8" data-id="8" transform="translate(240,345)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M12,0H108L120,22L108,44H12L0,22Z" fill="#f5e4fa"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>φ_arg</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #8</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#8 φ_arg
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #6  ASSOC
+[1] → #4  DATA
+[2] → #16  DATA</title><circle class="port" cx="-3" cy="22" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="40" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="80" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><path class="reg" fill="none" stroke="#b63838" d="M-3,22H-18m4,-3l-4,3l4,3"><title>[0] → #6</title></path><text class="slot" x="-10" y="15" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="40" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text><text class="slot" x="80" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">2</text></g><g class="node" id="n9" data-id="9" transform="translate(366,166)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M14,0H106Q120,0 120,14V30Q120,44 106,44H14Q0,44 0,30V14Q0,0 14,0Z" fill="#edf3f7"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>10</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #9</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#9 10
+Type not computed
+
+</title></g><g class="node" id="n10" data-id="10" transform="translate(280,449)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M14,0H106Q120,0 120,14V30Q120,44 106,44H14Q0,44 0,30V14Q0,0 14,0Z" fill="#edf3f7"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>&lt;</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #10</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#10 &lt;
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → —  DATA
+[1] → #8  DATA
+[2] → #9  DATA</title><circle class="port" cx="30" cy="-3" r="3" fill="white"/><circle class="port" cx="60" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="90" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="30" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="60" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text><text class="slot" x="90" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">2</text></g><g class="node" id="n11" data-id="11" transform="translate(68,553)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H240V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="120" y="18"><tspan>If</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #11</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="120"/><title>#11 If
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #6  CTRL
+[1] → #10  DATA</title><circle class="port" cx="80" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="160" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="80" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="160" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text></g><g class="node" id="n12" data-id="12" transform="translate(259,745)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H120V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>True</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #12/0</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#12 True
+Projection 0 of #19
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #19  CTRL</title></g><g class="node" id="n13" data-id="13" transform="translate(379,745)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H120V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>False</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #13/1</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#13 False
+Projection 1 of #19
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #19  CTRL</title></g><g class="node" id="n14" data-id="14" transform="translate(359,893)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H120V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>True</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #14/0</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#14 True
+Projection 0 of #28
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #28  CTRL</title></g><g class="node" id="n15" data-id="15" transform="translate(548,24)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M14,0H106Q120,0 120,14V30Q120,44 106,44H14Q0,44 0,30V14Q0,0 14,0Z" fill="#edf3f7"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>1</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #15</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#15 1
+Type not computed
+
+</title></g><g class="node" id="n16" data-id="16" transform="translate(518,153.33333333333331)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M14,0H106Q120,0 120,14V30Q120,44 106,44H14Q0,44 0,30V14Q0,0 14,0Z" fill="#edf3f7"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>+</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #16</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#16 +
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → —  DATA
+[1] → #8  DATA
+[2] → #15  DATA</title><circle class="port" cx="30" cy="-3" r="3" fill="white"/><circle class="port" cx="60" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="90" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="30" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="60" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text><text class="slot" x="90" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">2</text></g><g class="node" id="n17" data-id="17" transform="translate(670,166)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M14,0H106Q120,0 120,14V30Q120,44 106,44H14Q0,44 0,30V14Q0,0 14,0Z" fill="#edf3f7"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>5</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #17</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#17 5
+Type not computed
+
+</title></g><g class="node" id="n18" data-id="18" transform="translate(467,567.6666666666666)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M14,0H106Q120,0 120,14V30Q120,44 106,44H14Q0,44 0,30V14Q0,0 14,0Z" fill="#edf3f7"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>==</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #18</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#18 ==
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → —  DATA
+[1] → #16  DATA
+[2] → #17  DATA</title><circle class="port" cx="30" cy="-3" r="3" fill="white"/><circle class="port" cx="60" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="90" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="30" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="60" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text><text class="slot" x="90" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">2</text></g><g class="node" id="n19" data-id="19" transform="translate(259,701)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H240V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="120" y="18"><tspan>If</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #19</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="120"/><title>#19 If
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #5  CTRL
+[1] → #18  DATA</title><circle class="port" cx="80" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="160" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="80" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="160" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text></g><g class="node" id="n20" data-id="20" transform="translate(479,893)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H120V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>False</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #20/1</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#20 False
+Projection 1 of #28
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #28  CTRL</title></g><g class="node" id="n26" data-id="26" transform="translate(822,166)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M14,0H106Q120,0 120,14V30Q120,44 106,44H14Q0,44 0,30V14Q0,0 14,0Z" fill="#edf3f7"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>6</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #26</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#26 6
+Type not computed
+
+</title></g><g class="node" id="n27" data-id="27" transform="translate(537,715.6666666666667)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M14,0H106Q120,0 120,14V30Q120,44 106,44H14Q0,44 0,30V14Q0,0 14,0Z" fill="#edf3f7"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>==</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #27</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#27 ==
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → —  DATA
+[1] → #16  DATA
+[2] → #26  DATA</title><circle class="port" cx="30" cy="-3" r="3" fill="white"/><circle class="port" cx="60" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="90" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="30" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="60" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text><text class="slot" x="90" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">2</text></g><g class="node" id="n28" data-id="28" transform="translate(359,849)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H240V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="120" y="18"><tspan>If</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #28</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="120"/><title>#28 If
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #13  CTRL
+[1] → #27  DATA</title><circle class="port" cx="80" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="160" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="80" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="160" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text></g><g class="node" id="n34" data-id="34" transform="translate(329,1138)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M12,0H108L120,44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>Region</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #34</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#34 Region
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → —  DATA
+[1] → #7  CTRL
+[2] → #14  CTRL</title><circle class="port" cx="30" cy="-3" r="3" fill="white"/><circle class="port" cx="60" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="90" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="30" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="60" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text><text class="slot" x="90" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">2</text></g><g class="node" id="n35" data-id="35" transform="translate(481,1138)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M12,0H108L120,22L108,44H12L0,22Z" fill="#f5e4fa"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>φ_arg</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #35</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#35 φ_arg
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #34  ASSOC
+[1] → #8  DATA
+[2] → #16  DATA</title><circle class="port" cx="-3" cy="22" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="40" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="80" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><path class="reg" fill="none" stroke="#b63838" d="M-3,22H-18m4,-3l-4,3l4,3"><title>[0] → #34</title></path><text class="slot" x="-10" y="15" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="40" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text><text class="slot" x="80" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">2</text></g><g class="node" id="n39" data-id="39" transform="translate(259,997)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M12,0H108L120,44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>Region</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #39</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#39 Region
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → —  DATA
+[1] → #12  CTRL
+[2] → #20  CTRL</title><circle class="port" cx="30" cy="-3" r="3" fill="white"/><circle class="port" cx="60" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="90" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="30" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="60" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text><text class="slot" x="90" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">2</text></g><g class="node" id="n40" data-id="40" transform="translate(349,1242)" style="opacity: 1;"><path class="box" d="M0,0H120V44H0Z" fill="#fff1c4"/><text class="label" text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="18"><tspan>Return</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #40</tspan></text><text class="type" text-anchor="middle" y="35" x="60"/><title>#40 Return
+Type not computed
+
+[0] → #34  CTRL
+[1] → #35  DATA</title><circle class="port" cx="40" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><circle class="port" cx="80" cy="-3" r="3" fill="#536477"/><text class="slot" x="40" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">0</text><text class="slot" x="80" y="-10" text-anchor="middle">1</text></g></g><g class="region-heads" style="opacity: 1;"><g class="region-head" transform="translate(34,269)"><text class="label" x="26" y="17"><tspan>Loop</tspan><tspan class="node-id">  #6</tspan></text><title>Loop · 15 nodes</title><g class="fold-btn" role="button" tabindex="0" transform="translate(4,4)" aria-label="Fold region #6"><rect width="16" height="16" rx="2"/><text x="8" y="12" text-anchor="middle">−</text><title>Fold region</title></g></g></g><g class="shortcuts" style="opacity: 1;"/><g class="peep-ghosts" pointer-events="none"/></g></svg>