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| author | Cliff Click <cliffc@acm.org> | 2024-04-23 17:23:16 +0100 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Cliff Click <cliffc@acm.org> | 2024-10-23 17:51:09 -0700 |
| commit | b933257d6b26343f3ad517f5876bb5a0093ab403 (patch) | |
| tree | 82b21a1c11c55c1cf5b6662e6066a0b063626e3c /docs | |
| parent | 9ed409df4516e0089afbc7d5ccf9b029d431be04 (diff) | |
| download | Simple-b933257d6b26343f3ad517f5876bb5a0093ab403.tar.gz Simple-b933257d6b26343f3ad517f5876bb5a0093ab403.zip | |
Chapter 10: Structs and Memorylinear-chapter10
Co-authored-by: Thalia Archibald <thalia@archibald.dev>
Co-authored-by: Dibyendu Majumdar <mobile@majumdar.org.uk>
Co-authored-by: XmiliaH <45106915+XmiliaH@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: XmiliaH <xmilia.hermit@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Robert Obkircher <robert.obkircher@gmail.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/10-grammar.md | 129 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/Makefile | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/README.md | 326 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/example1.gv | 78 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/example1.svg | 294 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/example2a.gv | 65 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/example2a.svg | 249 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/example2b.gv | 56 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/example2b.svg | 189 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/example2c.gv | 53 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/example2c.svg | 168 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/lattice.drawio | 379 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/lattice.gv | 135 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter10/lattice.svg | 498 |
14 files changed, 2631 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/chapter10/10-grammar.md b/docs/chapter10/10-grammar.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..10c80426 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/10-grammar.md @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +# Grammar for Chapter 10 + +```antlrv4 +grammar SimpleLanguage; + +program + : statement+ EOF + ; + +statement + : returnStatement + | structDeclaration + | declStatement + | blockStatment + | expressionStatement + | ifStatement + | whileStatement + | breakStatement + | continueStatment + | metaStatement + ; + +field + : 'int' IDENTIFIER ';' + ; + +fields + : field+ + ; + +structDeclaration + : 'struct' IDENTIFIER '{' fields '}' + ; + +whileStatement + : 'while' '(' expression ')' statement + ; + +breakStatement + : 'break' ';' + ; + +continueStatement + : 'continue' ';' + ; + +ifStatement + : 'if' '(' expression ')' statement ('else' statement)? + ; + +metaStatement + : '#showGraph' ';' + ; + +expressionStatement + : IDENTIFIER '=' expression ';' + | fieldExpression '=' expression ';' + ; + +blockStatement + : '{' statement+ '}' + ; + +structName + : IDENTIFIER + ; + +declStatement + : 'int' IDENTIFIER '=' expression ';' + | structName ('?')? IDENTIFIER '=' expression ';' + ; + +returnStatement + : 'return' expression ';' + ; + +expression + : comparisonExpression + ; + +comparisonExpression + : additiveExpression (('==' | '!='| '>'| '<'| '>='| '<=') additiveExpression)* + ; + +additiveExpression + : multiplicativeExpression (('+' | '-') multiplicativeExpression)* + ; + +multiplicativeExpression + : unaryExpression (('*' | '/') unaryExpression)* + ; + +unaryExpression + : ('-') unaryExpression + | '!' unaryExpression + | primaryExpression + ; + +newExpression + : 'new' IDENTIFIER + ; + +fieldExpression + : primaryExpresson '.' IDENTIFIER + ; + +primaryExpression + : IDENTIFIER + | INTEGER_LITERAL + | 'true' + | 'false' + | 'null' + | newExpression + | '(' expression ')' + | fieldExpression + ; + +INTEGER_LITERAL + : [1-9][0-9]* + | [0] + ; + +IDENTIFIER + : NON_DIGIT (NON_DIGIT | DIGIT)* + ; + +NON_DIGIT: [a-zA-Z_]; +DEC_DIGIT: [0-9]; +``` diff --git a/docs/chapter10/Makefile b/docs/chapter10/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000..12659b8f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +GV := $(wildcard *.gv) +SVG := $(patsubst %.gv,%.svg,$(GV)) + +.PHONY: all +all: $(SVG) + +%.svg: %.gv + dot -Tsvg $< > $@ + +.PHONY: clean +clean: + @rm -f $(SVG) diff --git a/docs/chapter10/README.md b/docs/chapter10/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7c8c7f33 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,326 @@ +# Chapter 10: Structs and Memory + +In this chapter: + +* We add user defined struct types in the Simple language. +* We introduce the concept of Memory, Memory Pointers and Aliasing. +* We add new nodes to represent operations on memory - such as creating new instance of a struct, storing and loading struct fields. + +Here is the [complete language grammar](10-grammar.md) for this chapter. + +You can also read [this chapter](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/tree/linear-chapter10) in a linear Git revision history on the [linear](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/tree/linear) branch and [compare](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/compare/linear-chapter09...linear-chapter10) it to the previous chapter. + +## Memory + +In previous chapters, we dealt with scalar values that fit into a single +machine register. We now introduce aggregate values of `struct` type; these +have reference semantics and thus do not behave like register values, even if +the struct would fit into a register. To support values of such a type, we +need the concept of `Memory`. + +The core ideas regarding `Memory` are: + +* The program starts and stops with a single `Memory` value that encapsulates + the whole of available memory; `Start` produces memory and `Return` consumes + memory. + +* Each `struct` and field carves up this memory into "alias classes", a unique + class for each combination of struct and field. + +* Memory in different alias classes *never* aliases; memory in the same alias + class *always* aliases. This is sometimes called "equivalence class" + aliasing. + +* Equivalence class aliasing can be directly represented in the Sea of Nodes, + as such we will not use any other side-structure for aliasing. This also + means with normal peepholes we can do alias-based optimizations such as + load/store bypassing or load forwarding without needing to consult any side + structure, or make alias tracking modifications when we alter the graph. + + +### Alias Classes + +Aliasing describes a situation in which a data location in memory can be +accessed through multiple symbolic names (variables) in the program. Modifying +the data through one name implicitly modifies the values associated with all +the aliased names. + +Data accesses to the same alias class (struct+field) are serialized as defined +by the source program; data in other classes is allowed to be accessed in +parallel. + +Simple, like Java, is a strongly typed language. Therefore, two variables that +have incompatible types cannot possibly be names to the same location in +memory. We can use type information to determine which symbols alias, +i.e., potentially reference the same location in memory. We +divide/slice all memory into disjoint alias classes. + +We implement the "alias class" as a unique integer ID assigned to each field in +a struct, where distinct struct types have their own set of ids. Thus, every +field in every struct type is a new alias class. In later chapters as we +implement arrays and subtyping, our strategy for assigning alias classes will +be enhanced. + +For background information and overview of type based alias analysis, please +refer to the paper `Type Based Alias Analysis`.[^1] Our approach is a form of +TBAA similar to the "FieldTypeDecl" algorithm described in the paper. We do +not track aliasing by instance of a Struct type. + + +### Implementation of Alias Classes + +For example, suppose we have declared two struct types like so: + +``` +struct Vec2D { int x; int y; } +struct Vec3D { int x; int y; int z; } +``` + +Then we can imagine assigning following alias class IDs + +| Struct type | Field | Alias | +| ----------- | ----- | ----- | +| Vec2D | x | 1 | +| Vec2D | y | 2 | +| Vec3D | x | 3 | +| Vec3D | y | 4 | +| Vec3D | z | 5 | + +So at this point we have sliced memory into 5 distinct alias classes. +Note that the `x` and `y` in `Vec2D` do not alias `x` and `y` in `Vec3D`. + +In this chapter we do not have inheritance or sub-typing. But if we had subtyping and `Vec3D` +was a subtype of `Vec2D` then `x` and `y` would alias and would be given the same alias class. + +## Extensions to Intermediate Representation + +We add following new Node types to support memory operations: + +| Node Name | Type | Description | Inputs | Value | +|-----------|------|----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------| +| New | Mem | Create ptr to new object | Control, Struct type | Ptr value | +| Store | Mem | Stores a value in a struct field | Memory slice (aliased by struct+field), Ptr, Field, Value | Memory slice (aliased by struct+field) | +| Load | Mem | Loads a value from a field | Memory slice (aliased by struct+field), Ptr, Field | Value loaded | +| Cast | Data | Upcasts a value | Control, Data, type | Upcast value | + + +* New takes the current control as an input so that it is pinned correctly in + the control flow. Conceptually the control input is also a proxy for all + memory that originates from the Start node. + +* Above, "Ptr" refers to the base address of the allocated object. Ptrs can represent different values in loops. +* A "Memory Slice" represents a slice of memory where all stores and loads alias. Different slices do not alias. + +Additionally, the following Node types will be enhanced: + +| Node Name | Type | Changes | +|-----------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------| +| Start | Control | Start will produce the initial Memory projections, one per slice | +| Return | Control | Will merge all memory slices | + +## Enhanced Type Lattice + +The Type Lattice for Simple has a major revision in this chapter. + + + +Within the Type Lattice, we now have the following type domains: + +* Control type - this represents control flow +* Integer type - Integer values +* Tuple type - when a Node results in more than one value +* Struct type (new) - Represents user defined struct types, a struct type is allowed to have members of Integer type only in this chapter + * `$TOP` represents local Top for struct type; all we know about the type is that it is a struct but, we do not know if it is a specific struct, or all possible structs, etc. + * `$BOT` represents local Bottom for struct type; we definitely know the value can take all possible struct types. +* Pointer type (new) - Represents a pointer to a struct type + * `null` is a pointer to non-existent memory object + * We use the prefix `*` to mean pointer-to. Thus `*S1` means pointer to `S1`, `*$TOP` means pointer to `$TOP`. + * `*void` is a synonym for `*$BOT` - i.e. it represents a Non-Null pointer to all possible struct types, akin to `void *` in C except not null. + * `?` suffix represents the union of a pointer to some type and `null`. + * `null` pointer evaluates to False and non-null pointers evaluate to True, as in C. +* Memory (new) - Represents memory and memory slices + * `MEM#TOP` - Nothing known about a slice + * `#n` - refers to a memory slice + * `MEM#BOT` - all of memory + +We make use of following operations on the lattice. + +* The `meet` operation takes two types and computes the greatest lower bound + type. While not true for all lattices, in the our lattice this can be + thought of as set union (ORing) of its input types (as sets). + * Example, meet of `*S1` and `*S2` results in `*void` - there is no lattice + element for exactly both `{*S1,*S2}`, so we drop down to the nearest + element containing both (and maybe more), which is `*void*`. + * Meet of `*S1` and struct `Null` results in `*S1?` + * Meet of `*void` and `Null` results in `*$BOT?`; bear in mind that `*void` is a synonym for `*$BOT`. + * Meet of `1` and `2` results in `Int Bot`. + * Meet of `#1` and `#2` results in `MEM#BOT`. +* The `dual` operation is symmetric across the lattice centerline. Types directly on the centerline are their own dual. + * Find the corresponding node of the lattice after inverting the lattice. + * Thus, dual of `Top` is `Bot`. + * The dual of `*$TOP` is `*$BOT?`. + * For structs, the dual is obtained by computing the dual of each struct member. Thus, dual of `*S1` is not `*S1?`. + +* The `join` operation takes two types and computes the least upper bound type. + Similar to `meet` this can thought of as set intersection (ANDing) of its input types. + Because our lattice structure is simple, we compute `join` with a well known identity: + `JOIN(x,y) === MEET(x.dual,y.dual).dual` + * Example, join of `*S1` and `*S2` results in `*$TOP`. + * Join of `1` and `2` results in `Int Top`. + * Join of `*void` and `Null` results in `*$TOP`. + +As we construct the Sea of Nodes graph, we ensure that values stay inside the +domain they are created in - that is ptr fields will never contain ints +(obviously)... nor even the generic `TOP` and `BOT`. There are a couple of +nuances worth highlighting. + +* When Phis are created, the initial type of the Phi is based on the declared + type of its first input. This is a pessimistic type assignment because we do + not yet know what other types will be met. + +* When all the inputs of the Phi are known, we start with the local Top of the + declared type, and then compute a meet of all the input types. This + computation results in a more refined type for the Phi. + +## Parser Enhancements + +In previous chapters the only available type was Integer. Now, variables can +be of Integer type or pointer to Struct types. To support this, the Parser now +tracks the declared type of a variable (used to only be Integer!). The +declared type of a variable defines the set of values that can be legitimately +assigned to the variable. The Sea of Nodes graph also tracks the actual type +of values assigned to variables, these type transitions are defined by the Type +lattice described in the previous section. + +## Null Pointer Analysis + +The Simple language syntax allows a pointer variable to be specified as +Null-able - and it prevents ever throwing a Null Pointer Exception. The +compiler tries to decide in a null check is needed, and if needed and missing +the compiler rejects the program (asking the user to insert a null check). + +When the Parser encounters conditions that test the truthiness of a pointer variable, it uses this knowledge to refine the type information in the branches that follow. + +Here are two motivating examples: + +```java +struct Bar { int a; } +Bar? bar = new Bar; +if (arg) bar = null; +if( bar ) bar.a = 1; +``` + +If `bar` is not `null` above, then we would like to allow the assignment to +`bar.a`. If the final line lacked the null check, e.g. a plain `bar.a = 1;`, +then `Java` would compile this program but throw a NPE, and Simple rejects the +program pointing out a null check is required. + + +```java +struct Bar { int a; } +Bar? bar = new Bar; +if (arg) bar = null; +int rez = 3; +if( !bar ) rez=4; +else bar.a = 1; +``` + +If `bar` is `null` then we would like `!bar` to evaluate to `true`. In the else +branch we know `bar` is not null, hence the assignment to `bar.a` should be +allowed. + +To enable this behaviour, we make following enhancements. + +* We track the null-ness of a pointer in the Type system, and hence in every + Node that ptr type flows through. + +* We "wrap" the predicate of an `If` node with an up-cast when we see that the + predicate is a ptr value. The up-cast removes the null possibility on the + true branch making it legal to use the pointer. + +* The up-cast is done using a `Cast` op with the type `*void`. This does a + lattice JOIN of the original type and `*void`. This JOIN operation preserves + everything we already know about ptr, and also adds the new knowledge that + the ptr is not-null. + +* The up-cast is represented by the `CastNode` op, and if applicable, we + replace all occurrences of the original predicate with the up-cast in the + current scope. The change is local to each branch of the `If`; occuring + separately for the true and the false branches of the `If` (and the false + branch inverts the predicate). + +* The up-cast peepholes normally; if its input's type is a super type of the + up-cast, then the `CastNode` can be removed. See `ScopeNode.upcast()` method, + and `CastNode`. + +* When computing a type for Not, we produce an Integer type when its input is a + ptr. When the input is a `null` we convert to `1` and when is a not `null` + ptr value, we convert to `0`. See `NotNode.compute()`. + +## Memory Operations Example + +This is a simple example illustrating how loads and stores are ordered based on aliasing. + +```java +struct Vec2D { int x; int y; } + +Vec2D v = new Vec2D; +v.x = 1; +if (arg) + v.y = 2; +else + v.y = 3; +return v; +``` + +The graph from above will have the shape: + + + +The graph visual has the following enhancements: + +* The memory edges are shown in green and blue. +* The green edges occur on New nodes and anchor the ptr to a control flow node. +* The blue edges show the threading of a memory op via the equivalence aliasing. + +## Additional Peephole Optimizations + +The equivalence aliasing makes it possible to optimize following scenarios: + +* Store followed by another Store to the same field inside an object; the first Store is redundant if there are no other references to the first Store +* Load followed by a Store to a field inside an Object; the Load can be eliminated and the input value of the Store passed through. + +Both of these examples are illustrated in the example below: + +```java +struct Bar { + int a; + int b; +} +struct Foo { + int x; +} +Foo? foo = null; +Bar bar = new Bar; +bar.a = 1; +bar.a = 2; +return bar.a; +``` + +Before the peephole optimizations, we get: + + + +After enabling Store-Store peephole we get: + + + +After load-after-store elision: + + + +Note that at this stage the `bar` object is dead therefore the allocation of bar can be dropped. + + +[^1]: Diwan A., McKinley K.S., Moss J.E.B. (1998). + Type Based Alias Analysis. diff --git a/docs/chapter10/example1.gv b/docs/chapter10/example1.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cbb12cb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/example1.gv @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +digraph chapter10 { +/* +struct Vector2D { int x; int y; } +Vector2D v = new Vector2D; +v.x = 1; +if (arg) + v.y = 2; +else + v.y = 3; +return v; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + concentrate="true"; + compound="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD><TD PORT="p2">$2</TD><TD PORT="p3">$3</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + new8 [ label="new Vector2D" ]; + Con_9 [ label="#0" ]; + Store11 [ label=".y =" ]; + Con_12 [ label="#1" ]; + Store13 [ label=".x =" ]; + If14 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_18 [ label="#2" ]; + Store19 [ label=".y =" ]; + Con_22 [ label="#3" ]; + Store23 [ label=".y =" ]; + Region24 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_326 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_$3" ]; + Return27 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + { rank=same; Region24;Phi_326;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return27[taillabel=0 color=red]; + new8 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=green]; + Store11 -> Start2:p3[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store11 -> new8[taillabel=2]; + Store11 -> Con_9[taillabel=3]; + Store13 -> Start2:p2[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store13 -> new8[taillabel=2]; + Store13 -> Con_12[taillabel=3]; + If14 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If14 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Store19 -> Store11[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store19 -> new8[taillabel=2]; + Store19 -> Con_18[taillabel=3]; + Store23 -> Store11[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store23 -> new8[taillabel=2]; + Store23 -> Con_22[taillabel=3]; + Region24 -> If14:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region24 -> If14:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_326 -> Region24 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_326 -> Store19[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Phi_326 -> Store23[taillabel=2 color=blue constraint=false]; + Return27 -> Region24[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return27 -> new8[taillabel=1]; + Return27 -> Store13[taillabel=2 color=blue]; + Return27 -> Phi_326[taillabel=3 color=blue]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter10/example1.svg b/docs/chapter10/example1.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6f493e7e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/example1.svg @@ -0,0 +1,294 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter10 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="394pt" height="564pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 394.00 564.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 560)"> +<title>chapter10</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-560 390,-560 390,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-548 378,-548 378,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="25,-511 25,-536 156,-536 156,-511 25,-511"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="25,-511 25,-536 156,-536 156,-511 25,-511"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="72" y="-519.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="25,-480 25,-511 156,-511 156,-480 25,-480"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="30,-485 30,-506 70,-506 70,-485 30,-485"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="30,-485 30,-506 70,-506 70,-485 30,-485"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="33" y="-491.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="70,-485 70,-506 101,-506 101,-485 70,-485"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="73" y="-491.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="101,-485 101,-506 126,-506 126,-485 101,-485"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="104" y="-491.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$2</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="126,-485 126,-506 151,-506 151,-485 126,-485"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="129" y="-491.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$3</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="201,-52 147,-52 147,-16 201,-16 201,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="174" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return27 --> +<g id="node15" class="node"> +<title>Return27</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="207,-124 141,-124 141,-88 207,-88 207,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="174" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return27 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return27</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M174,-52.3C174,-60.02 174,-69.29 174,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="170.5,-77.9 174,-87.9 177.5,-77.9 170.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="171" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- new8 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>new8</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="203" cy="-422" rx="75.29" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="203" y="-418.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">new Vector2D</text> +</g> +<!-- new8->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>new8->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="green" d="M147.76,-434.26C110.79,-443.18 66.61,-456.99 53.71,-474.14"/> +<polygon fill="green" stroke="green" points="50.24,-473.41 50,-484 56.79,-475.87 50.24,-473.41"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="144.76" y="-436.86" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_9 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Con_9</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="63" cy="-422" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="63" y="-418.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#0</text> +</g> +<!-- Store11 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>Store11</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="170" cy="-350" rx="29.8" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="170" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.y =</text> +</g> +<!-- Store11->Start2 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Store11->Start2:p3</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M151.42,-364.19C139.69,-373.74 125.54,-387.77 119,-404 113.02,-418.84 115.61,-424.36 119,-440 122.69,-457.06 133.59,-461.26 137.54,-473.76"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="134.13,-474.59 139,-484 141.06,-473.61 134.13,-474.59"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="148.42" y="-366.79" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store11->new8 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>Store11->new8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M177.82,-367.59C181.67,-375.75 186.4,-385.78 190.71,-394.93"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="187.58,-396.49 195.01,-404.04 193.91,-393.51 187.58,-396.49"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="174.82" y="-370.19" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store11->Con_9 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>Store11->Con_9</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M150.37,-363.84C133.5,-374.88 108.99,-390.92 90.22,-403.2"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="88.24,-400.31 81.78,-408.71 92.07,-406.17 88.24,-400.31"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="153.37" y="-366.44" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_12 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>Con_12</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="323" cy="-422" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="323" y="-418.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store13 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Store13</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="340" cy="-350" rx="29.8" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="340" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.x =</text> +</g> +<!-- Store13->Start2 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Store13->Start2:p2</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M350.63,-367.07C362.03,-386.53 376.33,-419.28 359,-440 290.38,-522.04 125.44,-383.17 114.57,-473.83"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="111.06,-473.82 114,-484 118.05,-474.21 111.06,-473.82"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="347.63" y="-369.67" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store13->new8 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Store13->new8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M317.99,-362.25C297.67,-372.63 267.01,-388.3 242.46,-400.84"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="240.69,-397.81 233.38,-405.48 243.88,-404.04 240.69,-397.81"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="314.99" y="-364.85" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store13->Con_12 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Store13->Con_12</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M335.88,-367.95C333.99,-375.74 331.7,-385.18 329.58,-393.92"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="326.15,-393.18 327.2,-403.72 332.96,-394.83 326.15,-393.18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="332.88" y="-370.55" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- If14 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>If14</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="24,-267 24,-292 118,-292 118,-267 24,-267"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-267 24,-292 118,-292 118,-267 24,-267"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="65.5" y="-275.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-236 24,-267 118,-267 118,-236 24,-236"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="29,-241 29,-262 69,-262 69,-241 29,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="29,-241 29,-262 69,-262 69,-241 29,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="32" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="69,-241 69,-262 113,-262 113,-241 69,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="69,-241 69,-262 113,-262 113,-241 69,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="72" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If14->Start2 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>If14->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M58.13,-296.08C47.38,-323.83 32.89,-365.85 27,-404 24.56,-419.81 23.18,-424.46 27,-440 31.32,-457.58 44.03,-461.08 48.46,-473.95"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="45.02,-474.65 50,-484 51.94,-473.58 45.02,-474.65"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="55.13" y="-298.68" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_18 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Con_18</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="95" cy="-350" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="95" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store19 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Store19</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="174" cy="-264" rx="29.8" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="174" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.y =</text> +</g> +<!-- Store19->new8 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Store19->new8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M188.91,-279.62C203.35,-295.52 222.56,-322.27 219,-349"/> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M219,-351C217.08,-365.43 213.58,-381.26 210.34,-394.21"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="206.95,-393.34 207.84,-403.9 213.73,-395.09 206.95,-393.34"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="185.91" y="-282.22" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store19->Store11 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Store19->Store11</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M173.19,-282C172.65,-293.31 171.93,-308.42 171.31,-321.43"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="167.8,-321.58 170.82,-331.74 174.79,-321.92 167.8,-321.58"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="170.19" y="-284.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store19->Con_18 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Store19->Con_18</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M159.88,-280.02C147.56,-293.12 129.52,-312.29 115.59,-327.1"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="113.04,-324.71 108.74,-334.39 118.14,-329.51 113.04,-324.71"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="156.88" y="-282.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_22 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Con_22</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="265" cy="-350" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="265" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- Store23 --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>Store23</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="272" cy="-264" rx="29.8" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="272" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.y =</text> +</g> +<!-- Store23->new8 --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>Store23->new8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M257.04,-279.75C242.69,-295.35 222.67,-321.48 219,-349"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="254.04" y="-282.35" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store23->Store11 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Store23->Store11</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M254.7,-279.25C238.26,-292.79 213.37,-313.28 194.82,-328.56"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="192.54,-325.9 187.05,-334.96 196.99,-331.31 192.54,-325.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="251.7" y="-272.85" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store23->Con_22 --> +<g id="edge16" class="edge"> +<title>Store23->Con_22</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M270.58,-282C269.64,-293.31 268.38,-308.42 267.3,-321.43"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="263.78,-321.48 266.44,-331.74 270.76,-322.06 263.78,-321.48"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="267.58" y="-284.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Region24 --> +<g id="node13" class="node"> +<title>Region24</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="123,-196 57,-196 57,-160 123,-160 123,-196"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="90" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region24->If14 --> +<g id="edge17" class="edge"> +<title>Region24->If14:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M70.46,-196.22C62.05,-205.18 53.41,-216.97 50.26,-229.91"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="46.76,-229.64 49,-240 53.71,-230.51 46.76,-229.64"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="67.46" y="-198.82" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region24->If14 --> +<g id="edge18" class="edge"> +<title>Region24->If14:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M90.43,-196.09C90.64,-205.55 90.87,-217.77 90.96,-229.69"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="87.46,-230.01 91,-240 94.46,-229.99 87.46,-230.01"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="87.43" y="-198.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_326 --> +<g id="node14" class="node"> +<title>Phi_326</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="174" cy="-178" rx="33.29" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="174" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_$3</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_326->Store19 --> +<g id="edge20" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_326->Store19</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M174,-196.4C174,-207.74 174,-222.77 174,-235.68"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="170.5,-235.9 174,-245.9 177.5,-235.9 170.5,-235.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="171" y="-199" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_326->Store23 --> +<g id="edge21" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_326->Store23</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M191.07,-193.63C206.76,-207.08 230.2,-227.17 247.81,-242.27"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="245.58,-244.97 255.45,-248.82 250.14,-239.65 245.58,-244.97"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="188.07" y="-196.23" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_326->Region24 --> +<g id="edge19" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_326->Region24</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M140.62,-178C138.17,-178 135.71,-178 133.25,-178"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="133.14,-174.5 123.14,-178 133.14,-181.5 133.14,-174.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="137.62" y="-171.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return27->new8 --> +<g id="edge23" class="edge"> +<title>Return27->new8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M207.48,-120.36C230.67,-131.64 259.67,-150.25 273,-177"/> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M273,-179C286.16,-205.41 244.02,-204.62 233,-232 213.44,-280.58 225.92,-297.09 219,-349"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="210.48" y="-113.96" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Return27->Store13 --> +<g id="edge24" class="edge"> +<title>Return27->Store13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M273,-179C286,-204.9 298.85,-205.68 311,-232 324.45,-261.13 332.19,-297.33 336.24,-321.69"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="332.79,-322.32 337.8,-331.66 339.71,-321.24 332.79,-322.32"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="270" y="-172.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Return27->Region24 --> +<g id="edge22" class="edge"> +<title>Return27->Region24</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M153.24,-124.3C142.76,-133.03 129.89,-143.76 118.5,-153.25"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="115.97,-150.81 110.53,-159.9 120.45,-156.18 115.97,-150.81"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="150.24" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return27->Phi_326 --> +<g id="edge25" class="edge"> +<title>Return27->Phi_326</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M174,-124.3C174,-132.02 174,-141.29 174,-149.89"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="170.5,-149.9 174,-159.9 177.5,-149.9 170.5,-149.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="171" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter10/example2a.gv b/docs/chapter10/example2a.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..23f31bf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/example2a.gv @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +digraph chapter10 { +/* +struct Bar { + int a; + int b; +} +struct Foo { + int x; +} +Foo? foo = null; +Bar bar = new Bar; +bar.a = 1; +bar.a = 2; +return bar.a; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + concentrate="true"; + compound="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p2">$2</TD><TD PORT="p3">$3</TD><TD PORT="p4">$4</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + new10 [ label="new Bar" ]; + Con_11 [ label="#0" ]; + Store12 [ label=".a =" ]; + Store13 [ label=".b =" ]; + Con_14 [ label="#1" ]; + Store15 [ label=".a =" ]; + Con_16 [ label="#2" ]; + Store17 [ label=".a =" ]; + Load18 [ label=".a" ]; + Return19 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return19[taillabel=0 color=red]; + new10 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=green]; + Store12 -> Start2:p2[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store12 -> new10[taillabel=2]; + Store12 -> Con_11[taillabel=3]; + Store13 -> Start2:p3[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store13 -> new10[taillabel=2]; + Store13 -> Con_11[taillabel=3]; + Store15 -> Store12[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store15 -> new10[taillabel=2]; + Store15 -> Con_14[taillabel=3]; + Store17 -> Store15[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store17 -> new10[taillabel=2]; + Store17 -> Con_16[taillabel=3]; + Load18 -> Store17[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Load18 -> new10[taillabel=2]; + Return19 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return19 -> Load18[taillabel=1]; + Return19 -> Store17[taillabel=2 color=blue]; + Return19 -> Store13[taillabel=3 color=blue]; + Return19 -> Start2:p4[taillabel=4 color=blue]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter10/example2a.svg b/docs/chapter10/example2a.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9f069ad4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/example2a.svg @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter10 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="331pt" height="608pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 331.00 608.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 604)"> +<title>chapter10</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-604 327,-604 327,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-592 315,-592 315,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="129,-555 129,-580 254,-580 254,-555 129,-555"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="129,-555 129,-580 254,-580 254,-555 129,-555"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="173" y="-563.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="129,-524 129,-555 254,-555 254,-524 129,-524"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="134,-529 134,-550 174,-550 174,-529 134,-529"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="134,-529 134,-550 174,-550 174,-529 134,-529"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="137" y="-535.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="174,-529 174,-550 199,-550 199,-529 174,-529"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="177" y="-535.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$2</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="199,-529 199,-550 224,-550 224,-529 199,-529"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="202" y="-535.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$3</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="224,-529 224,-550 249,-550 249,-529 224,-529"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="227" y="-535.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$4</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="101,-52 47,-52 47,-16 101,-16 101,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="74" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19 --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>Return19</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="107,-124 41,-124 41,-88 107,-88 107,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="74" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return19 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return19</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M74,-52.3C74,-60.02 74,-69.29 74,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="70.5,-77.9 74,-87.9 77.5,-77.9 70.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="71" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- new10 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>new10</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="118" cy="-466" rx="49.29" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="118" y="-462.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">new Bar</text> +</g> +<!-- new10->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>new10->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="green" d="M133.89,-483.12C141.58,-492.29 149.78,-504.57 152.8,-517.77"/> +<polygon fill="green" stroke="green" points="149.36,-518.48 154,-528 156.31,-517.66 149.36,-518.48"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="130.89" y="-485.72" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_11 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Con_11</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="232" cy="-466" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="232" y="-462.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#0</text> +</g> +<!-- Store12 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>Store12</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="178" cy="-394" rx="29.8" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="178" y="-390.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.a =</text> +</g> +<!-- Store12->Start2 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Store12->Start2:p2</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M179.7,-412.2C181.85,-435.45 185.36,-478.51 185.92,-517.62"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="182.43,-518.03 186,-528 189.43,-517.97 182.43,-518.03"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="176.7" y="-414.8" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store12->new10 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>Store12->new10</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M164.68,-410.54C157.06,-419.43 147.32,-430.79 138.71,-440.84"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="135.97,-438.66 132.11,-448.53 141.28,-443.22 135.97,-438.66"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="161.68" y="-413.14" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store12->Con_11 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>Store12->Con_11</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M189.98,-410.54C196.98,-419.6 205.94,-431.21 213.79,-441.39"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="211.17,-443.73 220.05,-449.51 216.71,-439.45 211.17,-443.73"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="186.98" y="-413.14" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Store13 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>Store13</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="256" cy="-394" rx="30.59" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="256" y="-390.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.b =</text> +</g> +<!-- Store13->Start2 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Store13->Start2:p3</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M263.6,-411.63C270.91,-430.21 279.31,-460.72 268,-484 256,-508.69 222.7,-499.84 214.07,-517.7"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="210.54,-517.51 212,-528 217.4,-518.88 210.54,-517.51"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="260.6" y="-414.23" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store13->new10 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Store13->new10</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M233.52,-406.4C212.26,-417.19 179.96,-433.57 154.91,-446.28"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="153.04,-443.3 145.71,-450.95 156.21,-449.54 153.04,-443.3"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="230.52" y="-409" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store13->Con_11 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Store13->Con_11</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M250.19,-411.95C247.45,-419.94 244.11,-429.67 241.05,-438.6"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="237.69,-437.62 237.76,-448.21 244.31,-439.89 237.69,-437.62"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="247.19" y="-414.55" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_14 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Con_14</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="83" cy="-394" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="83" y="-390.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store15 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Store15</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="86" cy="-322" rx="29.8" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="86" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.a =</text> +</g> +<!-- Store15->new10 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Store15->new10</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M98.96,-338.58C106.42,-348.58 115.07,-362.24 119,-376 124.76,-396.15 124.14,-419.93 122.28,-437.84"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="118.79,-437.53 121.04,-447.89 125.74,-438.39 118.79,-437.53"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="95.96" y="-341.18" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store15->Store12 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Store15->Store12</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M103.74,-336.5C117.4,-346.89 136.48,-361.41 151.88,-373.13"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="149.92,-376.04 160,-379.31 154.16,-370.47 149.92,-376.04"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="106.74" y="-339.1" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store15->Con_14 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Store15->Con_14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M85.26,-340.3C84.93,-348.02 84.53,-357.29 84.16,-365.89"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="80.66,-365.75 83.73,-375.9 87.66,-366.05 80.66,-365.75"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="82.26" y="-342.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_16 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Con_16</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="161" cy="-322" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="161" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Store17</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="86" cy="-250" rx="29.8" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="86" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.a =</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17->new10 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Store17->new10</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M70.13,-265.26C57.27,-278.25 40.68,-298.75 37,-321"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="67.13" y="-267.86" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17->Store15 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Store17->Store15</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M86,-268.3C86,-276.02 86,-285.29 86,-293.89"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="82.5,-293.9 86,-303.9 89.5,-293.9 82.5,-293.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="83" y="-270.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17->Con_16 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Store17->Con_16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M101.54,-265.5C112.24,-275.49 126.62,-288.91 138.56,-300.06"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="136.29,-302.73 145.99,-306.99 141.07,-297.61 136.29,-302.73"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="98.54" y="-268.1" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Load18 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Load18</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="74" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="74" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.a</text> +</g> +<!-- Load18->new10 --> +<g id="edge16" class="edge"> +<title>Load18->new10</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M63.89,-195.07C57.97,-205.26 50.92,-218.94 47,-232 35.56,-270.12 43.5,-281.73 37,-321"/> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M37,-323C29.78,-362.14 27.2,-377.47 47,-412 54.9,-425.77 67.96,-437.05 80.75,-445.61"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="79.16,-448.74 89.49,-451.1 82.88,-442.82 79.16,-448.74"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="60.89" y="-197.67" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Load18->Store17 --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>Load18->Store17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M76.9,-195.95C78.23,-203.65 79.82,-212.97 81.31,-221.64"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="77.9,-222.46 83.04,-231.72 84.8,-221.28 77.9,-222.46"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="73.9" y="-198.55" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Start2 --> +<g id="edge17" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M59.94,-124.2C52.45,-134.13 43.64,-147.17 38,-160 21.64,-197.21 17,-208.36 17,-249 17,-249 17,-249 17,-395 17,-473.65 47.97,-533.65 122.67,-538.66"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="122.89,-542.17 133,-539 123.12,-535.17 122.89,-542.17"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="56.94" y="-126.8" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Start2 --> +<g id="edge21" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Start2:p4</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M306,-323C287.16,-411.95 339.16,-519.36 271.5,-536.61"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="270.87,-533.17 261.65,-538.38 272.11,-540.06 270.87,-533.17"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="303" y="-316.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">4</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Store13 --> +<g id="edge20" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Store13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M306,-179C314.76,-241.5 316.5,-258.77 306,-321"/> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M306,-323C302.13,-341.27 290.11,-358.39 278.83,-371.13"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="276.24,-368.77 271.98,-378.47 281.36,-373.55 276.24,-368.77"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="303" y="-172.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Store17 --> +<g id="edge19" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Store17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M107.24,-110.22C170.02,-117.23 300.33,-136.59 306,-177"/> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M306,-179C311.23,-216.32 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+*/ + rankdir=BT; + concentrate="true"; + compound="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p2">$2</TD><TD PORT="p3">$3</TD><TD PORT="p4">$4</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + new10 [ label="new Bar" ]; + Con_11 [ label="#0" ]; + Store13 [ label=".b =" ]; + Con_16 [ label="#2" ]; + Store17 [ label=".a =" ]; + Load18 [ label=".a" ]; + Return19 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return19[taillabel=0 color=red]; + new10 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=green]; + Store13 -> Start2:p3[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store13 -> new10[taillabel=2]; + Store13 -> Con_11[taillabel=3]; + Store17 -> Start2:p2[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store17 -> new10[taillabel=2]; + Store17 -> Con_16[taillabel=3]; + Load18 -> Store17[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Load18 -> new10[taillabel=2]; + Return19 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return19 -> Load18[taillabel=1]; + Return19 -> Store17[taillabel=2 color=blue]; + Return19 -> Store13[taillabel=3 color=blue]; + Return19 -> Start2:p4[taillabel=4 color=blue]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter10/example2b.svg b/docs/chapter10/example2b.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1ecf4de7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/example2b.svg @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter10 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="369pt" height="464pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 368.60 464.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_16 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>Con_16</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="83" cy="-322" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="83" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Store17</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="74" cy="-250" rx="29.8" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="74" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.a =</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17->Start2 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Store17->Start2:p2</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M61.5,-266.67C47.91,-285.72 30.23,-318.07 47,-340 90.02,-396.26 197.33,-318.14 208.12,-373.87"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="204.65,-374.34 209,-384 211.62,-373.74 204.65,-374.34"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="58.5" y="-269.27" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17->new10 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Store17->new10</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M93.37,-264.17C108.16,-274.22 128.83,-288.27 145.92,-299.88"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="144.25,-302.97 154.49,-305.7 148.18,-297.18 144.25,-302.97"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="90.37" y="-266.77" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17->Con_16 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Store17->Con_16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M76.22,-268.3C77.22,-276.02 78.41,-285.29 79.51,-293.89"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="76.05,-294.42 80.8,-303.9 83,-293.53 76.05,-294.42"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="73.22" y="-270.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Load18 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Load18</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="112" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="112" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.a</text> +</g> +<!-- Load18->new10 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Load18->new10</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M119.58,-195.57C130.78,-220.02 151.82,-266 165.09,-294.98"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="161.92,-296.46 169.26,-304.1 168.28,-293.55 161.92,-296.46"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="116.58" y="-198.17" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Load18->Store17 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Load18->Store17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M103.19,-195.24C98.65,-203.6 93.01,-213.98 87.9,-223.39"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="84.72,-221.91 83.03,-232.37 90.88,-225.25 84.72,-221.91"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="100.19" y="-197.84" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Start2 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M78.92,-118.71C54.82,-129.48 25.06,-148.19 17,-177"/> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M17,-179C-2.42,-248.44 -5.52,-281.77 37,-340 66.51,-380.41 90.13,-391.98 133.12,-394.44"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="133.09,-397.94 143.22,-394.85 133.37,-390.94 133.09,-397.94"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="75.92" y="-112.31" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Start2 --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Start2:p4</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M337,-179C373.1,-264.02 373.34,-375.99 294.56,-392.84"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="293.9,-389.4 284.56,-394.41 294.99,-396.32 293.9,-389.4"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="334" y="-172.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">4</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Store13 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Store13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M145.2,-111.29C204,-119.77 321.73,-141.04 337,-177"/> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M337,-179C346.91,-202.35 322.21,-221.91 299.27,-234.36"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="297.63,-231.27 290.32,-238.94 300.82,-237.5 297.63,-231.27"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="148.2" y="-104.89" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Store17 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Store17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M17,-179C11.2,-199.75 28.07,-218.41 44.94,-231.23"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="42.94,-234.1 53.12,-237.04 46.99,-228.4 42.94,-234.1"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="14" y="-172.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Load18 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Load18</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M112,-124.3C112,-132.02 112,-141.29 112,-149.89"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="108.5,-149.9 112,-159.9 115.5,-149.9 108.5,-149.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="109" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter10/example2c.gv b/docs/chapter10/example2c.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..76db03bb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/example2c.gv @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +digraph chapter10 { +/* +struct Bar { + int a; + int b; +} +struct Foo { + int x; +} +Foo? foo = null; +Bar bar = new Bar; +bar.a = 1; +bar.a = 2; +return bar.a; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + concentrate="true"; + compound="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Con_16 [ label="#2" ]; + Store17 [ label=".a =" ]; + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p2">$2</TD><TD PORT="p3">$3</TD><TD PORT="p4">$4</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Return19 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + new10 [ label="new Bar" ]; + Con_11 [ label="#0" ]; + Store13 [ label=".b =" ]; + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Store17 -> Start2:p2[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store17 -> new10[taillabel=2]; + Store17 -> Con_16[taillabel=3]; + Return19 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return19 -> Con_16[taillabel=1]; + Return19 -> Store17[taillabel=2 color=blue]; + Return19 -> Store13[taillabel=3 color=blue]; + Return19 -> Start2:p4[taillabel=4 color=blue]; + Stop3 -> Return19[taillabel=0 color=red]; + new10 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=green]; + Store13 -> Start2:p3[taillabel=1 color=blue]; + Store13 -> new10[taillabel=2]; + Store13 -> Con_11[taillabel=3]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter10/example2c.svg b/docs/chapter10/example2c.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d70660a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/example2c.svg @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter10 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="362pt" height="392pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 362.00 392.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 388)"> +<title>chapter10</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-388 358,-388 358,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-376 346,-376 346,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Con_16 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Con_16</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="63" cy="-250" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="63" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Store17</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="130" cy="-178" rx="29.8" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="130" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">.a =</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17->Con_16 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Store17->Con_16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M115.79,-193.85C106.64,-203.4 94.58,-216.01 84.3,-226.75"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="81.57,-224.53 77.19,-234.18 86.63,-229.37 81.57,-224.53"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="112.79" y="-196.45" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">3</text> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="152,-339 152,-364 277,-364 277,-339 152,-339"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="152,-339 152,-364 277,-364 277,-339 152,-339"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="196" y="-347.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="152,-308 152,-339 277,-339 277,-308 152,-308"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="157,-313 157,-334 197,-334 197,-313 157,-313"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="157,-313 157,-334 197,-334 197,-313 157,-313"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="160" y="-319.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="197,-313 197,-334 222,-334 222,-313 197,-313"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="200" y="-319.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$2</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="222,-313 222,-334 247,-334 247,-313 222,-313"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="225" y="-319.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$3</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="247,-313 247,-334 272,-334 272,-313 247,-313"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="250" y="-319.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$4</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17->Start2 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Store17->Start2:p2</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M122.08,-195.45C114.22,-214.42 105.15,-245.81 119,-268 140.46,-302.38 197.41,-273.74 207.47,-301.89"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="204.04,-302.64 209,-312 210.97,-301.59 204.04,-302.64"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="119.08" y="-198.05" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- new10 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>new10</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="177" cy="-250" rx="49.29" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="177" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">new Bar</text> +</g> +<!-- Store17->new10 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Store17->new10</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M140.67,-194.88C146.39,-203.41 153.58,-214.11 160.05,-223.75"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="157.24,-225.85 165.72,-232.2 163.05,-221.95 157.24,-225.85"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="137.67" y="-197.48" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Return19</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="223,-124 157,-124 157,-88 223,-88 223,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="190" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Con_16 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Con_16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M17,-179C8.57,-197.2 22.58,-216.12 37.3,-229.69"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="35.08,-232.39 44.95,-236.26 39.65,-227.09 35.08,-232.39"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="14" y="-172.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Store17 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Store17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M175.17,-124.3C167.47,-133.29 157.96,-144.38 149.66,-154.07"/> 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217,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="190" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return19 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return19</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M190,-52.3C190,-60.02 190,-69.29 190,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="186.5,-77.9 190,-87.9 193.5,-77.9 186.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="187" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- new10->Start2 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>new10->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="green" d="M177,-268.09C177,-277.55 177,-289.77 177,-301.69"/> +<polygon fill="green" stroke="green" points="173.5,-302 177,-312 180.5,-302 173.5,-302"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="174" y="-270.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_11 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Con_11</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="271" cy="-250" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="271" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#0</text> +</g> +<!-- Store13->Start2 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Store13->Start2:p3</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="blue" d="M270.42,-191.5C283.57,-200.84 299.55,-214.9 307,-232 313.39,-246.67 314.83,-254.04 307,-268 290.59,-297.26 245.93,-279.37 236.69,-302.12"/> +<polygon fill="blue" stroke="blue" points="233.23,-301.55 235,-312 240.13,-302.73 233.23,-301.55"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="267.42" y="-194.1" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Store13->new10 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Store13->new10</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M234.52,-193.85C224.79,-203.17 212.05,-215.39 201.03,-225.96"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="198.53,-223.51 193.73,-232.96 203.37,-228.56 198.53,-223.51"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="231.52" y="-196.45" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/chapter10/lattice.gv b/docs/chapter10/lattice.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c074f1a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/lattice.gv @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +digraph Lattice { + // Define nodes + splines=false; + node [shape=circle, style=filled, fillcolor=lightblue]; + nodesep=0.6; + + TOP [label="⊤"]; + BOT [label="⊥"]; + + XCTRL [label="~Ctrl"]; + CTRL [label="Ctrl"]; + + INT_TOP [label="IntTop"]; + INT_BOT [label="IntBot"]; + + INT_MIN [label="-n"]; + INT_MINDOTS [label="..." shape=none style=none]; + INT_ZERO [label="0"]; + INT_MAXDOTS [label="..." shape=none style=none]; + INT_MAX [label="+n"]; + + TUPLE [label="TUPLE"]; + + STRUCT_TOP [label="$TOP"]; + STRUCT_S1 [label="S1"]; + STRUCT_DOTS [label="..." shape=none style=none]; + STRUCT_SN [label="Sn"]; + STRUCT_BOT [label="$BOT"] + + PTR_TOP [label="*$TOP"]; + PTR_NULL [label="null"]; + PTR_VOIDPTR [label="*void"]; + PTR_S1 [label="*S1"]; + PTR_SDOTS [label="..." shape=none style=none]; + PTR_SN [label="*SN"]; + PTR_S1OPT [label="*S1?"]; + PTR_SOPTDOTS [label="..." shape=none style=none]; + PTR_SNOPT [label="*SN?"]; + PTR_BOT [label="*$BOT?"]; + + MEM_TOP [label="MEM#TOP"]; + MEM_ALIAS1 [label="#1"]; + MEM_ALIAS2 [label="#2"]; + MEM_ALIASDOTS [label="..." shape=none style=none]; + MEM_ALIASN [label="#n"]; + MEM_BOT [label="MEM#BOT"]; + + // Define edges + edge [arrowhead=none]; + + TOP -> XCTRL; + XCTRL -> CTRL; + CTRL -> BOT; + + TOP -> INT_TOP; + INT_TOP -> INT_MIN; + INT_TOP -> INT_MINDOTS; + INT_TOP -> INT_ZERO; + INT_TOP -> INT_MAXDOTS; + INT_TOP -> INT_MAX; + INT_MIN -> INT_BOT; + INT_MINDOTS -> INT_BOT; + INT_ZERO -> INT_BOT; + INT_MAXDOTS -> INT_BOT; + INT_MAX -> INT_BOT; + INT_BOT -> BOT; + + INT_MIN -> INT_MINDOTS -> INT_ZERO -> INT_MAXDOTS -> INT_MAX [style=invis]; + + TOP -> TUPLE; + TUPLE -> BOT; + + TOP -> STRUCT_TOP; + STRUCT_TOP -> STRUCT_S1; + STRUCT_TOP -> STRUCT_DOTS; + STRUCT_TOP -> STRUCT_SN; + STRUCT_S1 -> STRUCT_BOT; + STRUCT_DOTS -> STRUCT_BOT; + STRUCT_SN -> STRUCT_BOT; + STRUCT_BOT -> BOT; + + STRUCT_S1 -> STRUCT_DOTS -> STRUCT_SN [style=invis]; + + TOP -> PTR_TOP; + PTR_TOP -> PTR_S1; + PTR_TOP -> PTR_SDOTS; + PTR_TOP -> PTR_SN; + PTR_TOP -> PTR_NULL; + PTR_TOP -> PTR_VOIDPTR; + PTR_NULL -> PTR_BOT; + PTR_NULL -> PTR_S1OPT; + PTR_NULL -> PTR_SOPTDOTS; + PTR_NULL -> PTR_SNOPT; + PTR_S1 -> PTR_S1OPT; + PTR_S1 -> PTR_VOIDPTR; + PTR_SDOTS -> PTR_SOPTDOTS; + PTR_SDOTS -> PTR_VOIDPTR; + PTR_SN -> PTR_SNOPT; + PTR_SN -> PTR_VOIDPTR; + PTR_VOIDPTR -> PTR_BOT; + PTR_S1OPT -> PTR_BOT; + PTR_SOPTDOTS -> PTR_BOT; + PTR_SNOPT -> PTR_BOT; + PTR_BOT -> BOT; + + PTR_S1 -> PTR_SDOTS -> PTR_SN [style=invis]; + PTR_S1OPT -> PTR_SOPTDOTS -> PTR_SNOPT [style=invis]; + + TOP -> MEM_TOP; + MEM_TOP -> MEM_ALIAS1; + MEM_TOP -> MEM_ALIAS2; + MEM_TOP -> MEM_ALIASDOTS; + MEM_TOP -> MEM_ALIASN; + MEM_ALIAS1 -> MEM_BOT; + MEM_ALIAS2 -> MEM_BOT; + MEM_ALIASDOTS -> MEM_BOT; + MEM_ALIASN -> MEM_BOT; + MEM_BOT -> BOT; + + MEM_ALIAS1 -> MEM_ALIAS2 -> MEM_ALIASDOTS -> MEM_ALIASN [style=invis]; + + // Additional customization + {rank=same; TOP;} + {rank=same; INT_TOP; XCTRL; STRUCT_TOP; PTR_TOP; MEM_TOP;} + {rank=same; PTR_S1; PTR_SDOTS; PTR_SN;} + {rank=same; INT_MIN; INT_MINDOTS; + INT_ZERO; INT_MAXDOTS; + INT_MAX; TUPLE; STRUCT_S1; STRUCT_DOTS; STRUCT_SN; + PTR_NULL; PTR_VOIDPTR; + MEM_ALIAS1; MEM_ALIAS2; + MEM_ALIASDOTS; MEM_ALIASN;} + {rank=same; PTR_S1OPT; PTR_SOPTDOTS; PTR_SNOPT; } + {rank=same; INT_BOT; CTRL; STRUCT_BOT; PTR_BOT; MEM_BOT;} + {rank=same; BOT;} +} diff --git a/docs/chapter10/lattice.svg b/docs/chapter10/lattice.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2fe05bbf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter10/lattice.svg @@ -0,0 +1,498 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: Lattice Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="1694pt" height="771pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 1694.09 771.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 767.25)"> +<title>Lattice</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-767.25 1690.09,-767.25 1690.09,4 -4,4"/> +<!-- TOP --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>TOP</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="582.4" cy="-743.75" rx="19.5" ry="19.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="582.4" y="-740.05" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">⊤</text> +</g> +<!-- XCTRL --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>XCTRL</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="36.4" cy="-624.56" rx="36.29" ry="36.29"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="36.4" y="-620.86" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">~Ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- TOP->XCTRL --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>TOP->XCTRL</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M563.28,-738.65C483.63,-721.55 177.35,-655.81 72.13,-633.23"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>INT_TOP</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="270.4" cy="-624.56" rx="40.09" ry="40.09"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="270.4" y="-620.86" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">IntTop</text> +</g> +<!-- TOP->INT_TOP --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>TOP->INT_TOP</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M564.27,-735.95C514.59,-717.28 375.46,-665.02 308,-639.69"/> +</g> +<!-- TUPLE --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>TUPLE</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="520.4" cy="-386.83" rx="43.59" ry="43.59"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="520.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">TUPLE</text> +</g> +<!-- TOP->TUPLE --> +<g id="edge20" class="edge"> +<title>TOP->TUPLE</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M579.02,-724.31C569.35,-668.67 541.41,-507.81 527.9,-429.99"/> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_TOP --> +<g id="node13" class="node"> +<title>STRUCT_TOP</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="676.4" cy="-624.56" rx="36.29" ry="36.29"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="676.4" y="-620.86" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$TOP</text> +</g> +<!-- TOP->STRUCT_TOP --> +<g id="edge22" class="edge"> +<title>TOP->STRUCT_TOP</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M594.3,-727.91C609.22,-709.31 635.1,-677.04 653.82,-653.7"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_TOP --> +<g id="node18" class="node"> +<title>PTR_TOP</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="1045.4" cy="-624.56" rx="40.09" ry="40.09"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1045.4" y="-620.86" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">*$TOP</text> +</g> +<!-- TOP->PTR_TOP --> +<g id="edge32" class="edge"> +<title>TOP->PTR_TOP</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M601.12,-738.01C670.15,-720.54 911.28,-659.51 1006.4,-635.43"/> +</g> +<!-- MEM_TOP --> +<g id="node28" class="node"> +<title>MEM_TOP</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="1471.4" cy="-624.56" rx="63.89" ry="63.89"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1471.4" y="-620.86" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">MEM#TOP</text> +</g> +<!-- TOP->MEM_TOP --> +<g id="edge57" class="edge"> +<title>TOP->MEM_TOP</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M601.79,-740.2C708.57,-726.12 1226.52,-657.84 1408.23,-633.89"/> +</g> +<!-- BOT --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>BOT</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="607.4" cy="-19.5" rx="19.5" ry="19.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="607.4" y="-15.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">⊥</text> +</g> +<!-- CTRL --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>CTRL</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="41.4" cy="-138.69" rx="28.7" ry="28.7"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="41.4" y="-134.99" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- XCTRL->CTRL --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>XCTRL->CTRL</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M36.77,-588.04C37.73,-495.13 40.24,-251.2 41.1,-167.42"/> +</g> +<!-- CTRL->BOT --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>CTRL->BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M69.46,-131.88C169.17,-111.23 504.8,-41.74 588.41,-24.43"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MIN --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>INT_MIN</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="49.4" cy="-386.83" rx="19.5" ry="19.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="49.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">-n</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_MIN --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_MIN</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M242.85,-594.93C194.95,-543.4 98.03,-439.14 62.68,-401.12"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MINDOTS --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>INT_MINDOTS</title> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="138.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">...</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_MINDOTS --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_MINDOTS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M250.78,-589.23C222.27,-537.88 170.4,-444.47 148.54,-405.1"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_ZERO --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>INT_ZERO</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="226.4" cy="-386.83" rx="18" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="226.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_ZERO --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_ZERO</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M263.03,-584.77C253.34,-532.42 236.73,-442.64 229.69,-404.64"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MAXDOTS --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>INT_MAXDOTS</title> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="314.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">...</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_MAXDOTS --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_MAXDOTS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M277.76,-584.77C287.42,-532.56 303.98,-443.09 311.05,-404.93"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MAX --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>INT_MAX</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="409.4" cy="-386.83" rx="24.9" ry="24.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="409.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">+n</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_MAX --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_MAX</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M290.76,-589.74C319.94,-539.83 372.79,-449.44 396.85,-408.28"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_BOT --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>INT_BOT</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="271.4" cy="-138.69" rx="40.09" ry="40.09"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="271.4" y="-134.99" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">IntBot</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_BOT->BOT --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>INT_BOT->BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M309.29,-124.48C381.37,-99.33 535.79,-45.47 588.96,-26.93"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MIN->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>INT_MIN->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M62.62,-372.05C98.18,-332.3 196.43,-222.49 244.37,-168.9"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MIN->INT_MINDOTS --> +<!-- INT_MINDOTS->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>INT_MINDOTS->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M148.18,-368.58C170.07,-327.73 223.37,-228.29 252.17,-174.56"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MINDOTS->INT_ZERO --> +<!-- INT_ZERO->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>INT_ZERO->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M229.63,-368.98C236.81,-329.42 254.2,-233.54 264.13,-178.78"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_ZERO->INT_MAXDOTS --> +<!-- INT_MAXDOTS->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>INT_MAXDOTS->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M311.23,-368.58C304.33,-328.74 287.77,-233.16 278.32,-178.61"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MAXDOTS->INT_MAX --> +<!-- INT_MAX->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>INT_MAX->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M397.39,-365.24C373.59,-322.44 320.2,-226.45 291.15,-174.21"/> +</g> +<!-- TUPLE->BOT --> +<g id="edge21" class="edge"> +<title>TUPLE->BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M530.46,-344.33C549.34,-264.63 589.36,-95.64 602.85,-38.69"/> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_S1 --> +<g id="node14" class="node"> +<title>STRUCT_S1</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="629.4" cy="-386.83" rx="23" ry="23"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="629.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">S1</text> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_TOP->STRUCT_S1 --> +<g id="edge23" class="edge"> +<title>STRUCT_TOP->STRUCT_S1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M669.31,-588.71C659.49,-539.03 642.03,-450.71 633.85,-409.35"/> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_DOTS --> +<g id="node15" class="node"> +<title>STRUCT_DOTS</title> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="722.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">...</text> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_TOP->STRUCT_DOTS --> +<g id="edge24" class="edge"> +<title>STRUCT_TOP->STRUCT_DOTS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M683.33,-588.71C693.3,-537.22 711.3,-444.2 718.88,-405.01"/> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_SN --> +<g id="node16" class="node"> +<title>STRUCT_SN</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="815.4" cy="-386.83" rx="23" ry="23"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="815.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Sn</text> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_TOP->STRUCT_SN --> +<g id="edge25" class="edge"> +<title>STRUCT_TOP->STRUCT_SN</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M694.85,-592.99C723.95,-543.23 779.65,-447.97 803.78,-406.7"/> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_S1->STRUCT_DOTS --> +<!-- STRUCT_BOT --> +<g id="node17" class="node"> +<title>STRUCT_BOT</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="673.4" cy="-138.69" rx="36.29" ry="36.29"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="673.4" y="-134.99" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$BOT</text> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_S1->STRUCT_BOT --> +<g id="edge26" class="edge"> +<title>STRUCT_S1->STRUCT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M633.38,-364.37C641.02,-321.3 657.78,-226.77 667,-174.76"/> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_DOTS->STRUCT_SN --> +<!-- STRUCT_DOTS->STRUCT_BOT --> +<g id="edge27" class="edge"> +<title>STRUCT_DOTS->STRUCT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M718.79,-368.58C710.73,-327.73 691.09,-228.29 680.48,-174.56"/> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_SN->STRUCT_BOT --> +<g id="edge28" class="edge"> +<title>STRUCT_SN->STRUCT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M804.02,-366.94C779.47,-324.04 721.36,-222.51 691.62,-170.54"/> +</g> +<!-- STRUCT_BOT->BOT --> +<g id="edge29" class="edge"> +<title>STRUCT_BOT->BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M655.88,-106.59C643.28,-84.22 626.78,-54.92 616.64,-36.92"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_NULL --> +<g id="node19" class="node"> +<title>PTR_NULL</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="997.4" cy="-386.83" rx="28.7" ry="28.7"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="997.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">null</text> +</g> +<!-- PTR_TOP->PTR_NULL --> +<g id="edge36" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_TOP->PTR_NULL</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1037.42,-585.04C1027.71,-536.98 1011.58,-457.07 1003.06,-414.89"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_VOIDPTR --> +<g id="node20" class="node"> +<title>PTR_VOIDPTR</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="1190.4" cy="-386.83" rx="34.39" ry="34.39"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1190.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">*void</text> +</g> +<!-- PTR_TOP->PTR_VOIDPTR --> +<g id="edge37" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_TOP->PTR_VOIDPTR</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1066.48,-589.99C1094.99,-543.24 1145.36,-460.66 1172.27,-416.55"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_S1 --> +<g id="node21" class="node"> +<title>PTR_S1</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="907.4" cy="-495.62" rx="27.1" ry="27.1"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="907.4" y="-491.92" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">*S1</text> +</g> +<!-- PTR_TOP->PTR_S1 --> +<g id="edge33" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_TOP->PTR_S1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1016.13,-596.64C989.39,-572.04 950.57,-536.33 927.27,-514.9"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_SDOTS --> +<g id="node22" class="node"> +<title>PTR_SDOTS</title> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1091.4" y="-491.92" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">...</text> +</g> +<!-- PTR_TOP->PTR_SDOTS --> +<g id="edge34" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_TOP->PTR_SDOTS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1058.83,-586.5C1067.52,-562.5 1078.44,-532.36 1085.17,-513.8"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_SN --> +<g id="node23" class="node"> +<title>PTR_SN</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="1277.4" cy="-495.62" rx="29.5" ry="29.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1277.4" y="-491.92" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">*SN</text> +</g> +<!-- PTR_TOP->PTR_SN --> +<g id="edge35" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_TOP->PTR_SN</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1080.38,-604.42C1127.6,-578.58 1210.58,-533.18 1252.16,-510.43"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_S1OPT --> +<g id="node24" class="node"> +<title>PTR_S1OPT</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="900.4" cy="-272.83" rx="32.49" ry="32.49"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="900.4" y="-269.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">*S1?</text> +</g> +<!-- PTR_NULL->PTR_S1OPT --> +<g id="edge39" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_NULL->PTR_S1OPT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M979.15,-364.76C962.69,-345.75 938.48,-317.8 921.25,-297.91"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_SOPTDOTS --> +<g id="node25" class="node"> +<title>PTR_SOPTDOTS</title> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1089.4" y="-269.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">...</text> +</g> +<!-- PTR_NULL->PTR_SOPTDOTS --> +<g id="edge40" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_NULL->PTR_SOPTDOTS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1015.14,-364.23C1032.68,-342.87 1059.18,-310.62 1075.32,-290.96"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_SNOPT --> +<g id="node26" class="node"> +<title>PTR_SNOPT</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="1193.4" cy="-272.83" rx="34.39" ry="34.39"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1193.4" y="-269.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">*SN?</text> +</g> +<!-- PTR_NULL->PTR_SNOPT --> +<g id="edge41" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_NULL->PTR_SNOPT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1021.82,-371.87C1057.84,-351.29 1125.11,-312.85 1163.86,-290.71"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_BOT --> +<g id="node27" class="node"> +<title>PTR_BOT</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="1043.4" cy="-138.69" rx="46.29" ry="46.29"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1043.4" y="-134.99" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">*$BOT?</text> +</g> +<!-- PTR_NULL->PTR_BOT --> +<g id="edge38" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_NULL->PTR_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1002.67,-358.36C1010.56,-315.84 1025.48,-235.32 1034.91,-184.46"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_VOIDPTR->PTR_BOT --> +<g id="edge48" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_VOIDPTR->PTR_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1172.67,-356.89C1146.24,-312.3 1096.5,-228.33 1067.02,-178.56"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_S1->PTR_VOIDPTR --> +<g id="edge43" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_S1->PTR_VOIDPTR</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M933.01,-484.95C984.71,-465.44 1101.45,-421.39 1158.2,-399.97"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_S1->PTR_SDOTS --> +<!-- PTR_S1->PTR_S1OPT --> +<g id="edge42" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_S1->PTR_S1OPT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M906.54,-468.3C905.25,-427.17 902.8,-349.47 901.42,-305.44"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_SDOTS->PTR_VOIDPTR --> +<g id="edge45" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_SDOTS->PTR_VOIDPTR</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1107.3,-477.46C1123.48,-460.01 1148.73,-432.78 1167.15,-412.91"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_SDOTS->PTR_SN --> +<!-- PTR_SDOTS->PTR_SOPTDOTS --> +<g id="edge44" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_SDOTS->PTR_SOPTDOTS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1091.23,-477.39C1090.86,-435.51 1089.94,-332.83 1089.56,-291"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_SN->PTR_VOIDPTR --> +<g id="edge47" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_SN->PTR_VOIDPTR</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1259.37,-472.49C1245.53,-455.51 1226.39,-432.01 1211.78,-414.07"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_SN->PTR_SNOPT --> +<g id="edge46" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_SN->PTR_SNOPT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1266.93,-467.85C1251.36,-426.56 1222.17,-349.14 1205.63,-305.29"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_S1OPT->PTR_SOPTDOTS --> +<!-- PTR_S1OPT->PTR_BOT --> +<g id="edge49" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_S1OPT->PTR_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M924.01,-250.01C947.41,-228.39 983.48,-195.06 1009.85,-170.69"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_SOPTDOTS->PTR_SNOPT --> +<!-- PTR_SOPTDOTS->PTR_BOT --> +<g id="edge50" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_SOPTDOTS->PTR_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1083.48,-254.83C1077.14,-236.63 1066.85,-207.07 1058.28,-182.46"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_SNOPT->PTR_BOT --> +<g id="edge51" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_SNOPT->PTR_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1167.95,-249.42C1143.13,-227.55 1105.19,-194.13 1077.71,-169.92"/> +</g> +<!-- PTR_BOT->BOT --> +<g id="edge52" class="edge"> +<title>PTR_BOT->BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M998.79,-125.7C905.03,-100.5 690.85,-42.93 626.21,-25.56"/> +</g> +<!-- MEM_ALIAS1 --> +<g id="node29" class="node"> +<title>MEM_ALIAS1</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="1379.4" cy="-386.83" rx="24.9" ry="24.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1379.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- MEM_TOP->MEM_ALIAS1 --> +<g id="edge58" class="edge"> +<title>MEM_TOP->MEM_ALIAS1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1448.3,-564.88C1428.87,-514.67 1402.13,-445.56 1388.37,-410.01"/> +</g> +<!-- MEM_ALIAS2 --> +<g id="node30" class="node"> +<title>MEM_ALIAS2</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="1471.4" cy="-386.83" rx="24.9" ry="24.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1471.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- MEM_TOP->MEM_ALIAS2 --> +<g id="edge59" class="edge"> +<title>MEM_TOP->MEM_ALIAS2</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1471.4,-560.85C1471.4,-511.89 1471.4,-446.88 1471.4,-411.81"/> +</g> +<!-- MEM_ALIASDOTS --> +<g id="node31" class="node"> +<title>MEM_ALIASDOTS</title> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1566.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">...</text> +</g> +<!-- MEM_TOP->MEM_ALIASDOTS --> +<g id="edge60" class="edge"> +<title>MEM_TOP->MEM_ALIASDOTS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1495.12,-565.18C1516.17,-512.51 1545.61,-438.84 1559.11,-405.06"/> +</g> +<!-- MEM_ALIASN --> +<g id="node32" class="node"> +<title>MEM_ALIASN</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="1661.4" cy="-386.83" rx="24.9" ry="24.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1661.4" y="-383.13" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#n</text> +</g> +<!-- MEM_TOP->MEM_ALIASN --> +<g id="edge61" class="edge"> +<title>MEM_TOP->MEM_ALIASN</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1511.23,-574.72C1553.01,-522.44 1616.59,-442.89 1645.77,-406.38"/> +</g> +<!-- MEM_ALIAS1->MEM_ALIAS2 --> +<!-- MEM_BOT --> +<g id="node33" class="node"> +<title>MEM_BOT</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="1471.4" cy="-138.69" rx="63.89" ry="63.89"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="1471.4" y="-134.99" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">MEM#BOT</text> +</g> +<!-- MEM_ALIAS1->MEM_BOT --> +<g id="edge62" class="edge"> +<title>MEM_ALIAS1->MEM_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1388.05,-363.48C1401.92,-326.08 1429.55,-251.56 1449.19,-198.59"/> +</g> +<!-- MEM_ALIAS2->MEM_ALIASDOTS --> +<!-- MEM_ALIAS2->MEM_BOT --> +<g id="edge63" class="edge"> +<title>MEM_ALIAS2->MEM_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1471.4,-362.13C1471.4,-325.23 1471.4,-254.49 1471.4,-202.46"/> +</g> +<!-- MEM_ALIASDOTS->MEM_ALIASN --> +<!-- MEM_ALIASDOTS->MEM_BOT --> +<g id="edge64" class="edge"> +<title>MEM_ALIASDOTS->MEM_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1559.41,-368.58C1545.87,-333.21 1515.52,-253.93 1494.26,-198.42"/> +</g> +<!-- MEM_ALIASN->MEM_BOT --> +<g id="edge65" class="edge"> +<title>MEM_ALIASN->MEM_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1646.17,-366.94C1616.93,-328.76 1552.13,-244.12 1510.17,-189.33"/> +</g> +<!-- MEM_BOT->BOT --> +<g id="edge66" class="edge"> +<title>MEM_BOT->BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M1408.21,-129.12C1230.24,-104.98 730.92,-37.25 626.64,-23.11"/> +</g> +</g> +</svg> |
