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Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
27 files changed, 2744 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-grammar.md b/docs/chapter06/06-grammar.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4cf1cac6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-grammar.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +# Grammar for Chapter 6 + +```antlrv4 +grammar SimpleLanguage; + +program + : statement+ EOF + ; + +statement + : returnStatement + | declStatement + | blockStatment + | expressionStatement + | ifStatement + | metaStatement + ; + +ifStatement + : 'if' '(' expression ')' statement ('else' statement)? + ; + +metaStatement + : '#showGraph' ';' + ; + +expressionStatement + : IDENTIFIER '=' expression ';' + ; + +blockStatement + : '{' statement+ '}' + ; + +declStatement + : 'int' IDENTIFIER '=' expression ';' + ; + +returnStatement + : 'return' expression ';' + ; + +expression + : comparisonExpression + ; + +comparisonExpression + : additiveExpression (('==' | '!='| '>'| '<'| '>='| '<=') additiveExpression)* + ; + +additiveExpression + : multiplicativeExpression (('+' | '-') multiplicativeExpression)* + ; + +multiplicativeExpression + : unaryExpression (('*' | '/') unaryExpression)* + ; + +unaryExpression + : ('-') unaryExpression + | primaryExpression + ; + +primaryExpression + : IDENTIFIER + | INTEGER_LITERAL + | 'true' + | 'false' + | '(' expression ')' + ; + +INTEGER_LITERAL + : [1-9][0-9]* + | [0] + ; + +IDENTIFIER + : NON_DIGIT (NON_DIGIT | DIGIT)* + ; + +NON_DIGIT: [a-zA-Z_]; +DEC_DIGIT: [0-9]; +``` diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph1-post.gv b/docs/chapter06/06-graph1-post.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..31480991 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph1-post.gv @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +digraph chapter06 { +/* +if( true ) return 2; +return 1; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_12 [ label="#2" ]; + Return13 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return13[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return13 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return13 -> Con_12[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph1-post.svg b/docs/chapter06/06-graph1-post.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..faabcd8c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph1-post.svg @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter06 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="178pt" height="248pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 178.00 248.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 244)"> +<title>chapter06</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-244 174,-244 174,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-232 162,-232 162,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="24,-195 24,-220 74,-220 74,-195 24,-195"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-195 24,-220 74,-220 74,-195 24,-195"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="30.5" y="-203.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-164 24,-195 74,-195 74,-164 24,-164"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="29,-169 29,-190 69,-190 69,-169 29,-169"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="29,-169 29,-190 69,-190 69,-169 29,-169"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="32" y="-175.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="112,-52 58,-52 58,-16 112,-16 112,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return13 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Return13</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="118,-124 52,-124 52,-88 118,-88 118,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return13 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M85,-52.3C85,-60.02 85,-69.29 85,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="81.5,-77.9 85,-87.9 88.5,-77.9 81.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="82" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_12 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_12</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="127" cy="-192" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="127" y="-188.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Return13->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Return13->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M68.26,-124.13C60.77,-133.26 52.99,-145.23 50.13,-158.06"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="46.66,-157.67 49,-168 53.61,-158.46 46.66,-157.67"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="65.26" y="-126.73" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return13->Con_12 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Return13->Con_12</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M93.7,-124.4C99.66,-136.31 107.65,-152.3 114.31,-165.62"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="111.28,-167.38 118.88,-174.76 117.54,-164.25 111.28,-167.38"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="90.7" y="-127" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph1-pre.gv b/docs/chapter06/06-graph1-pre.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2bfdd23d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph1-pre.gv @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +digraph chapter06 { +/* +if( true ) return 2; +return 1; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_6 [ label="#1" ]; + If7 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_11 [ label="#2" ]; + Return12 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + Con_13 [ label="#~CONTROL" ]; + Region14 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Con_15 [ label="#1" ]; + Return16 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + { rank=same; Region14;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return12[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Stop3 -> Return16[taillabel=1 color=red]; + If7 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If7 -> Con_6[taillabel=1]; + Return12 -> If7:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return12 -> Con_11[taillabel=1]; + Region14 -> Con_13[taillabel=1]; + Region14 -> If7:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Return16 -> Region14[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return16 -> Con_15[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git 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+<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="35,-367 35,-392 85,-392 85,-367 35,-367"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="35,-367 35,-392 85,-392 85,-367 35,-367"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="41.5" y="-375.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="35,-336 35,-367 85,-367 85,-336 35,-336"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="40,-341 40,-362 80,-362 80,-341 40,-341"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="40,-341 40,-362 80,-362 80,-341 40,-341"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="43" y="-347.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="150,-52 96,-52 96,-16 150,-16 150,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="123" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return12 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>Return12</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="114,-124 48,-124 48,-88 114,-88 114,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="81" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return12 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return12</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M112.62,-52.3C107.74,-60.44 101.81,-70.31 96.42,-79.3"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="93.41,-77.52 91.26,-87.9 99.41,-81.12 93.41,-77.52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="109.62" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return16 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Return16</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="198,-124 132,-124 132,-88 198,-88 198,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="165" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return16 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M133.38,-52.3C138.26,-60.44 144.19,-70.31 149.58,-79.3"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="146.59,-81.12 154.74,-87.9 152.59,-77.52 146.59,-81.12"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="130.38" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_6 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_6</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="138" cy="-364" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="138" y="-360.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- If7 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>If7</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="24,-267 24,-292 118,-292 118,-267 24,-267"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-267 24,-292 118,-292 118,-267 24,-267"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="65.5" y="-275.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-236 24,-267 118,-267 118,-236 24,-236"/> +<polygon 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class="edge"> +<title>If7->Con_6</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M92.2,-296.01C101.67,-309.86 112.66,-325.94 121.5,-338.87"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="118.7,-340.97 127.24,-347.25 124.48,-337.02 118.7,-340.97"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="89.2" y="-298.61" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_11 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>Con_11</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="43" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Return12->If7 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>Return12->If7:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M83.45,-124.21C85.4,-142.49 86.7,-172.01 79,-196 73.01,-214.66 56.37,-216.36 50.82,-229.83"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="47.32,-229.54 49,-240 54.21,-230.77 47.32,-229.54"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="80.45" y="-126.81" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return12->Con_11 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Return12->Con_11</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M71.61,-124.3C67.1,-132.6 61.63,-142.69 56.67,-151.81"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="53.46,-150.4 51.76,-160.86 59.61,-153.74 53.46,-150.4"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="68.61" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_13 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Con_13</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="218" cy="-264" rx="74.19" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="218" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#~CONTROL</text> +</g> +<!-- Region14 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Region14</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="190,-196 124,-196 124,-160 190,-160 190,-196"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="157" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region14->If7 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Region14->If7:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M150.64,-196.06C144.08,-212.53 133.37,-236.39 122.96,-246.35"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="121.27,-243.29 114,-251 124.49,-249.5 121.27,-243.29"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="147.64" y="-198.66" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Region14->Con_13 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Region14->Con_13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M169.64,-196.4C178.34,-208.39 190.04,-224.5 199.75,-237.87"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="197.09,-240.16 205.79,-246.19 202.75,-236.04 197.09,-240.16"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="166.64" y="-199" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_15 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Con_15</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="235" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="235" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- Return16->Region14 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Return16->Region14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M163.02,-124.3C162.14,-132.02 161.08,-141.29 160.1,-149.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="156.61,-149.56 158.95,-159.9 163.57,-150.36 156.61,-149.56"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="160.02" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return16->Con_15 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Return16->Con_15</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M182.3,-124.3C191.72,-133.72 203.47,-145.47 213.47,-155.47"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="211.18,-158.12 220.72,-162.72 216.12,-153.18 211.18,-158.12"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="179.3" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-post.gv b/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-post.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..61ae2ca1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-post.gv @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +digraph chapter06 { +/* +int a=1; +if( true ) + a=2; +else + a=3; +return a; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Return17 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_13 [ label="#2" ]; + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Return17 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return17 -> Con_13[taillabel=1]; + Stop3 -> Return17[taillabel=0 color=red]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-post.svg b/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-post.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..269eb15c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-post.svg @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter06 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="178pt" height="248pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 178.00 248.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 244)"> +<title>chapter06</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-244 174,-244 174,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-232 162,-232 162,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Return17 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Return17</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="118,-124 52,-124 52,-88 118,-88 118,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="24,-195 24,-220 74,-220 74,-195 24,-195"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-195 24,-220 74,-220 74,-195 24,-195"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="30.5" y="-203.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-164 24,-195 74,-195 74,-164 24,-164"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="29,-169 29,-190 69,-190 69,-169 29,-169"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="29,-169 29,-190 69,-190 69,-169 29,-169"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="32" y="-175.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- Return17->Start2 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Return17->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M68.26,-124.13C60.77,-133.26 52.99,-145.23 50.13,-158.06"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="46.66,-157.67 49,-168 53.61,-158.46 46.66,-157.67"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="65.26" y="-126.73" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_13 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Con_13</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="127" cy="-192" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="127" y="-188.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Return17->Con_13 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Return17->Con_13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M93.7,-124.4C99.66,-136.31 107.65,-152.3 114.31,-165.62"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="111.28,-167.38 118.88,-174.76 117.54,-164.25 111.28,-167.38"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="90.7" y="-127" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="112,-52 58,-52 58,-16 112,-16 112,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return17 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M85,-52.3C85,-60.02 85,-69.29 85,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="81.5,-77.9 85,-87.9 88.5,-77.9 81.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="82" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-pre.gv b/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-pre.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d183b4c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-pre.gv @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +digraph chapter06 { +/* +int a=1; +if( true ) + a=2; +else + a=3; +return a; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Return16 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_7 [ label="#1" ]; + If8 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_12 [ label="#2" ]; + Con_13 [ label="#3" ]; + Region14 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_a15 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_a" ]; + { rank=same; Region14;Phi_a15;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Return16 -> Region14[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return16 -> Phi_a15[taillabel=1]; + Stop3 -> Return16[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If8 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If8 -> Con_7[taillabel=1]; + Region14 -> If8:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region14 -> If8:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_a15 -> Region14 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_a15 -> Con_12[taillabel=1]; + Phi_a15 -> Con_13[taillabel=2]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-pre.svg b/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-pre.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e9a4dd55 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph2-pre.svg @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter06 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="294pt" height="420pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 294.00 420.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 416)"> +<title>chapter06</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-416 290,-416 290,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-404 278,-404 278,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Return16 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Return16</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="187,-124 121,-124 121,-88 187,-88 187,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="154" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Region14 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Region14</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="226,-196 160,-196 160,-160 226,-160 226,-196"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="193" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Return16->Region14 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Return16->Region14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M163.64,-124.3C168.13,-132.36 173.56,-142.11 178.52,-151.02"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="175.55,-152.86 183.47,-159.9 181.66,-149.46 175.55,-152.86"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="160.64" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a15 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Phi_a15</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="115" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="115" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_a</text> +</g> +<!-- Return16->Phi_a15 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Return16->Phi_a15</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M144.36,-124.3C139.69,-132.68 134,-142.9 128.87,-152.1"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="125.8,-150.42 123.99,-160.86 131.92,-153.82 125.8,-150.42"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="141.36" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="126,-367 126,-392 176,-392 176,-367 126,-367"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="126,-367 126,-392 176,-392 176,-367 126,-367"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="132.5" y="-375.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="126,-336 126,-367 176,-367 176,-336 126,-336"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="131,-341 131,-362 171,-362 171,-341 131,-341"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="131,-341 131,-362 171,-362 171,-341 131,-341"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="134" y="-347.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="181,-52 127,-52 127,-16 181,-16 181,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="154" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return16 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M154,-52.3C154,-60.02 154,-69.29 154,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="150.5,-77.9 154,-87.9 157.5,-77.9 150.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="151" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_7 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Con_7</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="229" cy="-364" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="229" y="-360.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- If8 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>If8</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="168,-267 168,-292 262,-292 262,-267 168,-267"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="168,-267 168,-292 262,-292 262,-267 168,-267"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="209.5" y="-275.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="168,-236 168,-267 262,-267 262,-236 168,-236"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="173,-241 173,-262 213,-262 213,-241 173,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="173,-241 173,-262 213,-262 213,-241 173,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="176" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="213,-241 213,-262 257,-262 257,-241 213,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="213,-241 213,-262 257,-262 257,-241 213,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="216" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If8->Start2 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>If8->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M205.76,-296.05C199.47,-314.72 190.61,-336.65 181.17,-346.18"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="179.22,-343.25 172,-351 182.48,-349.44 179.22,-343.25"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="202.76" y="-298.65" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If8->Con_7 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>If8->Con_7</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M219.43,-296.01C221.25,-308.76 223.34,-323.4 225.1,-335.73"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="221.67,-336.47 226.55,-345.87 228.6,-335.48 221.67,-336.47"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="216.43" y="-298.61" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_12 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>Con_12</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="43" cy="-264" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_13 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Con_13</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="115" cy="-264" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="115" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- Region14->If8 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Region14->If8:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M193,-196.09C193,-205.55 193,-217.77 193,-229.69"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="189.5,-230 193,-240 196.5,-230 189.5,-230"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="190" y="-198.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region14->If8 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Region14->If8:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M213.02,-196.12C221.64,-205.06 230.48,-216.84 233.71,-229.84"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="230.27,-230.52 235,-240 237.22,-229.64 230.27,-230.52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="210.02" y="-198.72" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a15->Con_12 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a15->Con_12</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M102.13,-194.02C91.07,-206.92 74.96,-225.71 62.35,-240.42"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="59.61,-238.24 55.76,-248.11 64.93,-242.8 59.61,-238.24"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="99.13" y="-196.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a15->Con_13 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a15->Con_13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M115,-196.4C115,-207.74 115,-222.77 115,-235.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="111.5,-235.9 115,-245.9 118.5,-235.9 111.5,-235.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="112" y="-199" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a15->Region14 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a15->Region14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M142.12,-178C144.58,-178 147.04,-178 149.5,-178"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="149.61,-181.5 159.61,-178 149.61,-174.5 149.61,-181.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="145.12" y="-171.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-false.gv b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-false.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..28f741fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-false.gv @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +digraph chapter06 { +/* +int a = 0; +int b = 1; +if( arg ) { + a = 2; + if( arg ) { b = 2; } + else b = 3; +} +return a+b; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_30 [ label="#1" ]; + Return31 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return31[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return31 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return31 -> Con_30[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-false.svg b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-false.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..49b04f09 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-false.svg @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter06 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="178pt" height="248pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 178.00 248.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 244)"> +<title>chapter06</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-244 174,-244 174,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-232 162,-232 162,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="24,-195 24,-220 74,-220 74,-195 24,-195"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-195 24,-220 74,-220 74,-195 24,-195"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="30.5" y="-203.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-164 24,-195 74,-195 74,-164 24,-164"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="29,-169 29,-190 69,-190 69,-169 29,-169"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="29,-169 29,-190 69,-190 69,-169 29,-169"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="32" y="-175.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="112,-52 58,-52 58,-16 112,-16 112,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return31 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Return31</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="118,-124 52,-124 52,-88 118,-88 118,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return31 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return31</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M85,-52.3C85,-60.02 85,-69.29 85,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="81.5,-77.9 85,-87.9 88.5,-77.9 81.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="82" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_30 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_30</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="127" cy="-192" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="127" y="-188.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- Return31->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Return31->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M68.26,-124.13C60.77,-133.26 52.99,-145.23 50.13,-158.06"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="46.66,-157.67 49,-168 53.61,-158.46 46.66,-157.67"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="65.26" y="-126.73" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return31->Con_30 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Return31->Con_30</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M93.7,-124.4C99.66,-136.31 107.65,-152.3 114.31,-165.62"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="111.28,-167.38 118.88,-174.76 117.54,-164.25 111.28,-167.38"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="90.7" y="-127" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst-peephole.gv b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst-peephole.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f8e3e5fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst-peephole.gv @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +digraph chapter06 { +/* +int a = 0; +int b = 1; +if( arg ) { + a = 2; + if( arg ) { b = 2; } + else b = 3; +} +return a+b; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Region22 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + If8 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_27 [ label="#4" ]; + Con_29 [ label="#1" ]; + Phi_ab30 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_ab" ]; + Return31 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + { rank=same; Region22;Phi_ab30;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return31[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Region22 -> If8:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region22 -> If8:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + If8 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If8 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Phi_ab30 -> Region22 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_ab30 -> Con_27[taillabel=1]; + Phi_ab30 -> Con_29[taillabel=2]; + Return31 -> Region22[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return31 -> Phi_ab30[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst-peephole.svg b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst-peephole.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c312ffc5 --- /dev/null +++ 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font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return31 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Return31</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="186,-124 120,-124 120,-88 186,-88 186,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="153" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return31 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return31</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M153,-52.3C153,-60.02 153,-69.29 153,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="149.5,-77.9 153,-87.9 156.5,-77.9 149.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="150" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Region22 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Region22</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="228,-196 162,-196 162,-160 228,-160 228,-196"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="195" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- If8 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>If8</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="168,-267 168,-292 262,-292 262,-267 168,-267"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="168,-267 168,-292 262,-292 262,-267 168,-267"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="209.5" y="-275.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="168,-236 168,-267 262,-267 262,-236 168,-236"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="173,-241 173,-262 213,-262 213,-241 173,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="173,-241 173,-262 213,-262 213,-241 173,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="176" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="213,-241 213,-262 257,-262 257,-241 213,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="213,-241 213,-262 257,-262 257,-241 213,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="216" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- Region22->If8 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Region22->If8:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M194.14,-196.09C193.72,-205.54 193.27,-217.77 193.08,-229.68"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="189.58,-229.97 193,-240 196.58,-230.03 189.58,-229.97"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="191.14" y="-198.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region22->If8 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Region22->If8:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M213.83,-196.05C222.1,-205.05 230.63,-216.92 233.76,-229.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="230.31,-230.5 235,-240 237.25,-229.65 230.31,-230.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="210.83" y="-198.65" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If8->Start2 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>If8->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M201.57,-296.16C198.03,-306.41 194.84,-318.18 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cy="-264" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="115" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_ab30 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Phi_ab30</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="112" cy="-178" rx="32.49" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="112" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_ab</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_ab30->Region22 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_ab30->Region22</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M144.75,-178C147.03,-178 149.32,-178 151.6,-178"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="151.63,-181.5 161.63,-178 151.63,-174.5 151.63,-181.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="147.75" y="-171.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_ab30->Con_27 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_ab30->Con_27</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M99.02,-194.8C88.58,-207.51 73.76,-225.56 61.98,-239.89"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="59.1,-237.89 55.46,-247.84 64.51,-242.33 59.1,-237.89"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="96.02" y="-197.4" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_ab30->Con_29 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_ab30->Con_29</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M112.61,-196C113.01,-207.31 113.55,-222.42 114.02,-235.43"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="110.53,-235.87 114.38,-245.74 117.52,-235.62 110.53,-235.87"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="109.61" y="-198.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Return31->Region22 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Return31->Region22</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M163.38,-124.3C168.26,-132.44 174.19,-142.31 179.58,-151.3"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="176.59,-153.12 184.74,-159.9 182.59,-149.52 176.59,-153.12"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="160.38" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return31->Phi_ab30 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Return31->Phi_ab30</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M142.87,-124.3C138.03,-132.56 132.15,-142.61 126.82,-151.7"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="123.77,-149.98 121.74,-160.38 129.81,-153.52 123.77,-149.98"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="139.87" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst.gv b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7cd4e8e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst.gv @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +digraph chapter06 { +/* +int a = 0; +int b = 1; +if( arg ) { + a = 2; + if( arg ) { b = 2; } + else b = 3; +} +return a+b; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_6 [ label="#0" ]; + Con_7 [ label="#1" ]; + If8 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_12 [ label="#2" ]; + If13 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_17 [ label="#2" ]; + Con_18 [ label="#3" ]; + Region19 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_b20 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_b" ]; + Region21 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_a22 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_a" ]; + Phi_b23 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_b" ]; + Add24 [ label="+" ]; + Return25 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + { rank=same; Region19;Phi_b20;} + { rank=same; Region21;Phi_b23;Phi_a22;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return25[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If8 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If8 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + If13 -> If8:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If13 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Region19 -> If13:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region19 -> If13:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_b20 -> Region19 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_b20 -> Con_17[taillabel=1]; + Phi_b20 -> Con_18[taillabel=2]; + Region21 -> Region19[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region21 -> If8:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_a22 -> Region21 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_a22 -> Con_12[taillabel=1]; + Phi_a22 -> Con_6[taillabel=2]; + Phi_b23 -> Region21 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_b23 -> Phi_b20[taillabel=1]; + Phi_b23 -> Con_7[taillabel=2]; + Add24 -> Phi_b23[taillabel=1]; + Add24 -> Phi_a22[taillabel=2]; + Return25 -> Region21[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return25 -> Add24[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst.svg b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dee852e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-nonconst.svg @@ -0,0 +1,290 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: 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font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return25 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return25</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M272,-52.3C272,-60.02 272,-69.29 272,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="268.5,-77.9 272,-87.9 275.5,-77.9 268.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="269" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_6 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_6</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="259" cy="-322" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="259" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_7 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Con_7</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="115" cy="-322" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="115" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- If8 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>If8</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="288,-511 288,-536 382,-536 382,-511 288,-511"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="288,-511 288,-536 382,-536 382,-511 288,-511"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="329.5" y="-519.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="288,-480 288,-511 382,-511 382,-480 288,-480"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="293,-485 293,-506 333,-506 333,-485 293,-485"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="293,-485 293,-506 333,-506 333,-485 293,-485"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="296" y="-491.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="333,-485 333,-506 377,-506 377,-485 333,-485"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="333,-485 333,-506 377,-506 377,-485 333,-485"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="336" y="-491.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If8->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>If8->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M312.41,-540.3C306.75,-550.38 301.75,-562.04 299.83,-573.96"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="296.34,-573.75 299,-584 303.31,-574.32 296.34,-573.75"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="309.41" y="-542.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If8->Start2 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>If8->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M335,-540.02C335,-550.47 335,-562.42 335,-573.98"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="331.5,-574 335,-584 338.5,-574 331.5,-574"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="332" y="-542.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_12 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>Con_12</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="187" cy="-322" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="187" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- If13 --> 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font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If13->Start2 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>If13->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M288.75,-440.22C281.57,-450.93 274.7,-463.4 271,-476 262.99,-503.29 257.76,-514.83 271,-540 285.19,-566.97 324.2,-553.71 333.15,-573.98"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="329.75,-574.8 335,-584 336.63,-573.53 329.75,-574.8"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="285.75" y="-442.82" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- If13->If8 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>If13->If8:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M313.4,-440.02C313.24,-450.46 313.09,-462.42 313.03,-473.98"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="309.53,-473.99 313,-484 316.53,-474.01 309.53,-473.99"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="310.4" y="-442.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_17 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Con_17</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="43" cy="-408" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43" y="-404.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_18 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Con_18</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="115" cy="-408" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="115" y="-404.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- Region19 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Region19</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="370,-340 304,-340 304,-304 370,-304 370,-340"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="337" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region19->If13 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Region19->If13:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M315.29,-340.1C306.12,-348.94 296.78,-360.62 293.36,-373.72"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="289.84,-373.63 292,-384 296.78,-374.54 289.84,-373.63"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="312.29" y="-342.7" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region19->If13 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Region19->If13:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M335.71,-340.08C335.08,-349.53 334.4,-361.76 334.13,-373.68"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="330.62,-373.96 334,-384 337.62,-374.04 330.62,-373.96"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="332.71" y="-342.68" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b20 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Phi_b20</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="43" cy="-322" rx="27.1" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_b</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b20->Con_17 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b20->Con_17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M43,-340.4C43,-351.74 43,-366.77 43,-379.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="39.5,-379.9 43,-389.9 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font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Region21 --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>Region21</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="352,-268 286,-268 286,-232 352,-232 352,-268"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="319" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region21->If8 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Region21->If8:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M347.26,-268.03C359.43,-277.04 372.37,-289.3 379,-304 385.58,-318.6 394.79,-373.07 378,-440 373.59,-457.56 360.94,-461.07 356.53,-473.94"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="353.05,-473.59 355,-484 359.97,-474.64 353.05,-473.59"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="344.26" y="-270.63" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Region21->Region19 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Region21->Region19</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M323.45,-268.3C325.45,-276.1 327.87,-285.49 330.1,-294.17"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="326.72,-295.08 332.6,-303.9 333.5,-293.34 326.72,-295.08"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="320.45" y="-270.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a22 --> +<g id="node13" class="node"> +<title>Phi_a22</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="241" cy="-250" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="241" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_a</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a22->Con_6 --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a22->Con_6</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M245.36,-267.95C247.39,-275.86 249.86,-285.46 252.14,-294.31"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="248.8,-295.4 254.68,-304.21 255.58,-293.65 248.8,-295.4"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="242.36" y="-270.55" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a22->Con_12 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a22->Con_12</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M229.02,-266.54C222.02,-275.6 213.06,-287.21 205.21,-297.39"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="202.29,-295.45 198.95,-305.51 207.83,-299.73 202.29,-295.45"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="226.02" y="-269.14" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a22->Region21 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a22->Region21</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M268.12,-250C270.58,-250 273.04,-250 275.5,-250"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="275.61,-253.5 285.61,-250 275.61,-246.5 275.61,-253.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="271.12" y="-243.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b23 --> +<g id="node14" class="node"> +<title>Phi_b23</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="133" cy="-250" rx="27.1" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="133" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_b</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b23->Con_7 --> +<g id="edge18" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b23->Con_7</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M128.64,-267.95C126.61,-275.86 124.14,-285.46 121.86,-294.31"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="118.42,-293.65 119.32,-304.21 125.2,-295.4 118.42,-293.65"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="125.64" y="-270.55" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b23->Phi_b20 --> +<g id="edge17" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b23->Phi_b20</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M116.07,-264.17C102.58,-274.66 83.49,-289.51 68.2,-301.4"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="65.9,-298.75 60.16,-307.65 70.2,-304.28 65.9,-298.75"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="113.07" y="-266.77" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b23->Region21 --> +<g id="edge16" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b23->Region21</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" 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Add24->Phi_b23 --> +<g id="edge19" class="edge"> +<title>Add24->Phi_b23</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M222.19,-191.19C205.1,-202.27 179.69,-218.74 160.36,-231.27"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="158.45,-228.34 151.96,-236.71 162.25,-234.21 158.45,-228.34"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="219.19" y="-193.79" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Return25->Region21 --> +<g id="edge21" class="edge"> +<title>Return25->Region21</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M277.67,-124.13C285.71,-148.44 300.52,-193.18 310.06,-221.99"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="306.85,-223.42 313.31,-231.81 313.49,-221.22 306.85,-223.42"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="274.67" y="-126.73" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return25->Add24 --> +<g id="edge22" class="edge"> +<title>Return25->Add24</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M264.34,-124.3C260.76,-132.39 256.42,-142.19 252.46,-151.13"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="249.21,-149.82 248.36,-160.38 255.61,-152.65 249.21,-149.82"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="261.34" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-true.gv b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-true.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9739169c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-true.gv @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +digraph chapter06 { +/* +int a = 0; +int b = 1; +if( arg ) { + a = 2; + if( arg ) { b = 2; } + else b = 3; +} +return a+b; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_28 [ label="#4" ]; + Return29 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return29[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return29 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return29 -> Con_28[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-true.svg b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-true.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7e573cc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph3-true.svg @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter06 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="178pt" height="248pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 178.00 248.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 244)"> 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stroke="black" cx="127" cy="-192" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="127" y="-188.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#4</text> +</g> +<!-- Return29->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Return29->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M68.26,-124.13C60.77,-133.26 52.99,-145.23 50.13,-158.06"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="46.66,-157.67 49,-168 53.61,-158.46 46.66,-157.67"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="65.26" y="-126.73" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return29->Con_28 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Return29->Con_28</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M93.7,-124.4C99.66,-136.31 107.65,-152.3 114.31,-165.62"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="111.28,-167.38 118.88,-174.76 117.54,-164.25 111.28,-167.38"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="90.7" y="-127" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git 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color=red]; + Return45 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return45 -> Con_44[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-arg2.svg b/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-arg2.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8ec80be4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-arg2.svg @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter06 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="178pt" height="248pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 178.00 248.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 244)"> +<title>chapter06</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-244 174,-244 174,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-232 162,-232 162,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="24,-195 24,-220 74,-220 74,-195 24,-195"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-195 24,-220 74,-220 74,-195 24,-195"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="30.5" y="-203.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-164 24,-195 74,-195 74,-164 24,-164"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="29,-169 29,-190 69,-190 69,-169 29,-169"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="29,-169 29,-190 69,-190 69,-169 29,-169"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="32" y="-175.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="112,-52 58,-52 58,-16 112,-16 112,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return45 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Return45</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="118,-124 52,-124 52,-88 118,-88 118,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return45 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return45</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M85,-52.3C85,-60.02 85,-69.29 85,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="81.5,-77.9 85,-87.9 88.5,-77.9 81.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="82" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_44 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_44</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="127" cy="-192" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="127" y="-188.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#5</text> +</g> +<!-- Return45->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Return45->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M68.26,-124.13C60.77,-133.26 52.99,-145.23 50.13,-158.06"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="46.66,-157.67 49,-168 53.61,-158.46 46.66,-157.67"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="65.26" y="-126.73" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return45->Con_44 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Return45->Con_44</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M93.7,-124.4C99.66,-136.31 107.65,-152.3 114.31,-165.62"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="111.28,-167.38 118.88,-174.76 117.54,-164.25 111.28,-167.38"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="90.7" y="-127" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-nonconst.gv b/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-nonconst.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b8899b48 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-nonconst.gv @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +digraph chapter06 { +/* +int a = 0; +int b = 1; +int c = 0; +if( arg ) { + a = 1; + if( arg==2 ) { c=2; } else { c=3; } + if( arg ) { b = 2; } + else b = 3; +} +return a+b+c; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_6 [ label="#0" ]; + Con_7 [ label="#1" ]; + Con_8 [ label="#0" ]; + If9 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_13 [ label="#1" ]; + Con_14 [ label="#2" ]; + EQNode15 [ label="==" ]; + If16 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_20 [ label="#2" ]; + Con_21 [ label="#3" ]; + Region22 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_c23 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_c" ]; + If24 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_28 [ label="#2" ]; + Con_29 [ label="#3" ]; + Region30 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_b31 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_b" ]; + Region32 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_a33 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_a" ]; + Phi_b34 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_b" ]; + Phi_c35 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_c" ]; + Add36 [ label="+" ]; + Add37 [ label="+" ]; + Return38 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + { rank=same; Region22;Phi_c23;} + { rank=same; Region30;Phi_b31;} + { rank=same; Region32;Phi_c35;Phi_a33;Phi_b34;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return38[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If9 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If9 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode15 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode15 -> Con_14[taillabel=2]; + If16 -> If9:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If16 -> EQNode15[taillabel=1]; + Region22 -> If16:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region22 -> If16:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_c23 -> Region22 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_c23 -> Con_20[taillabel=1]; + Phi_c23 -> Con_21[taillabel=2]; + If24 -> Region22[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If24 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Region30 -> If24:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region30 -> If24:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_b31 -> Region30 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_b31 -> Con_28[taillabel=1]; + Phi_b31 -> Con_29[taillabel=2]; + Region32 -> Region30[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region32 -> If9:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_a33 -> Region32 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_a33 -> Con_13[taillabel=1]; + Phi_a33 -> Con_6[taillabel=2]; + Phi_b34 -> Region32 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_b34 -> Phi_b31[taillabel=1]; + Phi_b34 -> Con_7[taillabel=2]; + Phi_c35 -> Region32 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_c35 -> Phi_c23[taillabel=1]; + Phi_c35 -> Con_8[taillabel=2]; + Add36 -> Phi_c35[taillabel=1]; + Add36 -> Phi_b34[taillabel=2]; + Add37 -> Add36[taillabel=1]; + Add37 -> Phi_a33[taillabel=2]; + Return38 -> Region32[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return38 -> Add37[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-nonconst.svg b/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-nonconst.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d38c3636 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-nonconst.svg @@ -0,0 +1,456 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter06 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="506pt" height="908pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 506.00 908.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 904)"> +<title>chapter06</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-904 502,-904 502,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-892 490,-892 490,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="266,-855 266,-880 347,-880 347,-855 266,-855"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="266,-855 266,-880 347,-880 347,-855 266,-855"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="288" y="-863.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="266,-824 266,-855 347,-855 347,-824 266,-824"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="271,-829 271,-850 311,-850 311,-829 271,-829"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="271,-829 271,-850 311,-850 311,-829 271,-829"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="274" y="-835.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="311,-829 311,-850 342,-850 342,-829 311,-829"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="314" y="-835.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="329,-52 275,-52 275,-16 329,-16 329,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="302" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return38 --> +<g id="node26" class="node"> +<title>Return38</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="335,-124 269,-124 269,-88 335,-88 335,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="302" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return38 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return38</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M302,-52.3C302,-60.02 302,-69.29 302,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="298.5,-77.9 302,-87.9 305.5,-77.9 298.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="299" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_6 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_6</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="351" cy="-394" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="351" y="-390.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_7 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Con_7</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="207" cy="-394" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="207" y="-390.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_8 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>Con_8</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="43" cy="-394" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43" y="-390.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#0</text> +</g> +<!-- If9 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>If9</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="232,-755 232,-780 326,-780 326,-755 232,-755"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="232,-755 232,-780 326,-780 326,-755 232,-755"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="273.5" y="-763.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="232,-724 232,-755 326,-755 326,-724 232,-724"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="237,-729 237,-750 277,-750 277,-729 237,-729"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="237,-729 237,-750 277,-750 277,-729 237,-729"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="240" y="-735.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="277,-729 277,-750 321,-750 321,-729 277,-729"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="277,-729 277,-750 321,-750 321,-729 277,-729"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="280" y="-735.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If9->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>If9->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M286.26,-784.2C288.21,-794.57 289.98,-806.42 290.68,-817.97"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="287.18,-818.12 291,-828 294.18,-817.89 287.18,-818.12"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="283.26" y="-786.8" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If9->Start2 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>If9->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M309.94,-784.28C317.27,-794.18 323.65,-805.76 326.02,-818.03"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="322.54,-818.39 327,-828 329.51,-817.71 322.54,-818.39"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="306.94" y="-786.88" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_13 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Con_13</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="279" cy="-394" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="279" y="-390.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_14 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Con_14</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="413" cy="-852" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="413" y="-848.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode15 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>EQNode15</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="413" cy="-752" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="413" y="-748.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode15->Start2 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode15->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M403.94,-769.18C391.81,-790 369.82,-824.8 352.53,-835.66"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="351.28,-832.39 343,-839 353.59,-838.99 351.28,-832.39"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="400.94" y="-771.78" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode15->Con_14 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode15->Con_14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M413,-770.07C413,-784.88 413,-806.57 413,-823.77"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="409.5,-823.8 413,-833.8 416.5,-823.8 409.5,-823.8"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="410" y="-772.67" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If16 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>If16</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="380,-655 380,-680 474,-680 474,-655 380,-655"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="380,-655 380,-680 474,-680 474,-655 380,-655"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="421.5" y="-663.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="380,-624 380,-655 474,-655 474,-624 380,-624"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="385,-629 385,-650 425,-650 425,-629 385,-629"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="385,-629 385,-650 425,-650 425,-629 385,-629"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="388" y="-635.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="425,-629 425,-650 469,-650 469,-629 425,-629"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="425,-629 425,-650 469,-650 469,-629 425,-629"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="428" y="-635.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If16->If9 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>If16->If9:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M371.81,-671.79C331.47,-686.19 280.89,-705.86 263.34,-719.58"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="260.22,-717.91 257,-728 265.81,-722.12 260.22,-717.91"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="368.81" y="-665.39" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If16->EQNode15 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>If16->EQNode15</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M422.57,-684.01C420.75,-696.76 418.66,-711.4 416.9,-723.73"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="413.4,-723.48 415.45,-733.87 420.33,-724.47 413.4,-723.48"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="419.57" y="-686.61" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_20 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Con_20</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="134" cy="-652" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="134" y="-648.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_21 --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>Con_21</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="206" cy="-652" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="206" y="-648.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- Region22 --> +<g id="node13" class="node"> +<title>Region22</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="446,-584 380,-584 380,-548 446,-548 446,-584"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="413" y="-562.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region22->If16 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Region22->If16:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M409.56,-584.01C407.87,-593.54 406.04,-605.9 405.32,-617.98"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="401.82,-617.89 405,-628 408.81,-618.12 401.82,-617.89"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="406.56" y="-586.61" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region22->If16 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Region22->If16:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M428.61,-584.03C435.66,-593.13 443.03,-605.06 445.83,-617.72"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="442.39,-618.46 447,-628 449.35,-617.67 442.39,-618.46"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="425.61" y="-586.63" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c23 --> +<g id="node14" class="node"> +<title>Phi_c23</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="170" cy="-566" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="170" y="-562.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_c</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c23->Con_20 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_c23->Con_20</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M162.89,-583.6C157.81,-595.45 150.88,-611.62 145.08,-625.15"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="141.82,-623.87 141.1,-634.44 148.25,-626.63 141.82,-623.87"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="159.89" y="-586.2" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c23->Con_21 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_c23->Con_21</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M177.11,-583.6C182.19,-595.45 189.12,-611.62 194.92,-625.15"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="191.75,-626.63 198.9,-634.44 198.18,-623.87 191.75,-626.63"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="174.11" y="-586.2" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c23->Region22 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_c23->Region22</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M197.05,-566C254.48,-566 311.91,-566 369.34,-566"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="369.68,-569.5 379.68,-566 369.68,-562.5 369.68,-569.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="200.05" y="-559.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If24 --> +<g id="node15" class="node"> +<title>If24</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="375,-483 375,-508 469,-508 469,-483 375,-483"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="375,-483 375,-508 469,-508 469,-483 375,-483"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="416.5" y="-491.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="375,-452 375,-483 469,-483 469,-452 375,-452"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="380,-457 380,-478 420,-478 420,-457 380,-457"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="380,-457 380,-478 420,-478 420,-457 380,-457"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="383" y="-463.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="420,-457 420,-478 464,-478 464,-457 420,-457"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="420,-457 420,-478 464,-478 464,-457 420,-457"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="423" y="-463.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If24->Start2 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>If24->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M392.77,-512.23C384.4,-522.84 376.15,-535.26 371,-548 331.39,-645.92 367.43,-681.24 343,-784 339.09,-800.45 330.97,-805.48 328.06,-817.95"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="324.57,-817.69 327,-828 331.53,-818.42 324.57,-817.69"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="389.77" y="-514.83" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- If24->Region22 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>If24->Region22</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M418.65,-512.28C417.76,-520.58 416.81,-529.48 415.94,-537.56"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="412.45,-537.28 414.86,-547.6 419.41,-538.02 412.45,-537.28"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="415.65" y="-514.88" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_28 --> +<g id="node16" class="node"> +<title>Con_28</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="135" cy="-480" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="135" y="-476.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_29 --> +<g id="node17" class="node"> +<title>Con_29</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="207" cy="-480" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="207" y="-476.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- Region30 --> +<g id="node18" class="node"> +<title>Region30</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="482,-412 416,-412 416,-376 482,-376 482,-412"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="449" y="-390.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region30->If24 --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>Region30->If24:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M424.79,-412.2C414.85,-420.99 404.86,-432.65 401.33,-446"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="397.85,-445.63 400,-456 404.79,-446.55 397.85,-445.63"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="421.79" y="-414.8" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region30->If24 --> +<g id="edge16" class="edge"> +<title>Region30->If24:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M445.99,-412.03C444.51,-421.56 442.91,-433.93 442.28,-446"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="438.78,-445.91 442,-456 445.78,-446.1 438.78,-445.91"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="442.99" y="-414.63" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b31 --> +<g id="node19" class="node"> +<title>Phi_b31</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="135" cy="-394" rx="27.1" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="135" y="-390.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_b</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b31->Con_28 --> +<g id="edge18" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b31->Con_28</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M135,-412.4C135,-423.74 135,-438.77 135,-451.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="131.5,-451.9 135,-461.9 138.5,-451.9 131.5,-451.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="132" y="-415" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b31->Con_29 --> +<g id="edge19" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b31->Con_29</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M147.87,-410.02C158.93,-422.92 175.04,-441.71 187.65,-456.42"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="185.07,-458.8 194.24,-464.11 190.39,-454.24 185.07,-458.8"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="144.87" y="-412.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b31->Region30 --> +<g id="edge17" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b31->Region30</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" 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points="295.51,-718 299,-728 302.51,-718 295.51,-718"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="366.73" y="-342.75" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Region32->Region30 --> +<g id="edge20" class="edge"> +<title>Region32->Region30</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M379.74,-340.3C391.44,-349.2 405.86,-360.18 418.51,-369.8"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="416.44,-372.63 426.52,-375.9 420.68,-367.06 416.44,-372.63"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="376.74" y="-342.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a33 --> +<g id="node21" class="node"> +<title>Phi_a33</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="279" cy="-322" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="279" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_a</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a33->Con_6 --> +<g id="edge24" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a33->Con_6</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M293.57,-337.17C303.75,-347.06 317.52,-360.45 329.03,-371.64"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="326.59,-374.15 336.2,-378.62 331.47,-369.13 326.59,-374.15"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="290.57" y="-339.77" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a33->Con_13 --> +<g id="edge23" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a33->Con_13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M279,-340.3C279,-348.02 279,-357.29 279,-365.89"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="275.5,-365.9 279,-375.9 282.5,-365.9 275.5,-365.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="276" y="-342.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a33->Region32 --> +<g id="edge22" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a33->Region32</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M306.12,-322C308.58,-322 311.04,-322 313.5,-322"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="313.61,-325.5 323.61,-322 313.61,-318.5 313.61,-325.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="309.12" y="-315.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b34 --> +<g id="node22" class="node"> +<title>Phi_b34</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="207" cy="-322" rx="27.1" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="207" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_b</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b34->Con_7 --> +<g id="edge27" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b34->Con_7</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M207,-340.3C207,-348.02 207,-357.29 207,-365.89"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="203.5,-365.9 207,-375.9 210.5,-365.9 203.5,-365.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="204" y="-342.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b34->Phi_b31 --> +<g id="edge26" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b34->Phi_b31</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M192.08,-337.5C182.04,-347.27 168.62,-360.31 157.32,-371.3"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="154.63,-369.03 149.9,-378.51 159.51,-374.05 154.63,-369.03"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="189.08" y="-340.1" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b34->Region32 --> +<g id="edge25" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b34->Region32</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M221.22,-306.43C229.37,-298.68 240.29,-290.11 252,-286 274.65,-278.06 283.12,-278.74 306,-286 313.99,-288.54 321.81,-292.83 328.83,-297.58"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="327.11,-300.66 337.24,-303.75 331.25,-295.01 327.11,-300.66"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="218.22" y="-300.03" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c35 --> +<g id="node23" class="node"> +<title>Phi_c35</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="112" cy="-322" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="112" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_c</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c35->Con_8 --> +<g id="edge30" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_c35->Con_8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M97.7,-337.5C88.08,-347.27 75.22,-360.31 64.39,-371.3"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="61.81,-368.94 57.28,-378.51 66.79,-373.85 61.81,-368.94"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="94.7" y="-340.1" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c35->Phi_c23 --> +<g id="edge29" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_c35->Phi_c23</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M105.53,-339.52C93.19,-373.79 70.03,-454.23 99,-512 107.39,-528.74 123.86,-541.54 138.82,-550.37"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="137.41,-553.59 147.86,-555.35 140.79,-547.46 137.41,-553.59"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="102.53" y="-342.12" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c35->Region32 --> +<g id="edge28" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_c35->Region32</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M130.62,-308.94C143.75,-300.56 162.11,-290.44 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class="edge"> +<title>Add36->Phi_c35</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M189.58,-263.84C175.07,-274.53 154.21,-289.9 137.77,-302.01"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="135.61,-299.26 129.64,-308.01 139.76,-304.89 135.61,-299.26"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="186.58" y="-266.44" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Add37 --> +<g id="node25" class="node"> +<title>Add37</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="279" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="279" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">+</text> +</g> +<!-- Add37->Phi_a33 --> +<g id="edge34" class="edge"> +<title>Add37->Phi_a33</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M279,-196.13C279,-220.33 279,-264.79 279,-293.61"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="275.5,-293.81 279,-303.81 282.5,-293.81 275.5,-293.81"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="276" y="-198.73" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Add37->Add36 --> +<g id="edge33" class="edge"> +<title>Add37->Add36</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M264.43,-193.17C254.25,-203.06 240.48,-216.45 228.97,-227.64"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="226.53,-225.13 221.8,-234.62 231.41,-230.15 226.53,-225.13"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="261.43" y="-195.77" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Return38->Region32 --> +<g id="edge35" class="edge"> +<title>Return38->Region32</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M306.41,-124.15C315.94,-161.25 338.54,-249.19 350.03,-293.9"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="346.69,-294.95 352.57,-303.77 353.47,-293.21 346.69,-294.95"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="303.41" y="-126.75" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return38->Add37 --> +<g id="edge36" class="edge"> +<title>Return38->Add37</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M296.31,-124.3C293.75,-132.1 290.67,-141.49 287.82,-150.17"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="284.42,-149.3 284.62,-159.9 291.07,-151.49 284.42,-149.3"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="293.31" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-true.gv b/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-true.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6e48ee7d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-true.gv @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +digraph chapter06 { +/* +int a = 0; +int b = 1; +int c = 0; +if( arg ) { + a = 1; + if( arg==2 ) { c=2; } else { c=3; } + if( arg ) { b = 2; } + else b = 3; +} +return a+b+c; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_44 [ label="#6" ]; + Return45 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return45[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return45 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return45 -> Con_44[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-true.svg b/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-true.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a533ea21 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/06-graph4-true.svg @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter06 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="178pt" height="248pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 178.00 248.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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69,-169 29,-169"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="32" y="-175.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="112,-52 58,-52 58,-16 112,-16 112,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return45 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Return45</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="118,-124 52,-124 52,-88 118,-88 118,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return45 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return45</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M85,-52.3C85,-60.02 85,-69.29 85,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="81.5,-77.9 85,-87.9 88.5,-77.9 81.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="82" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_44 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_44</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="127" cy="-192" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="127" y="-188.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#6</text> +</g> +<!-- Return45->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Return45->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M68.26,-124.13C60.77,-133.26 52.99,-145.23 50.13,-158.06"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="46.66,-157.67 49,-168 53.61,-158.46 46.66,-157.67"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="65.26" y="-126.73" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return45->Con_44 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Return45->Con_44</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M93.7,-124.4C99.66,-136.31 107.65,-152.3 114.31,-165.62"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="111.28,-167.38 118.88,-174.76 117.54,-164.25 111.28,-167.38"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="90.7" y="-127" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter06/Makefile b/docs/chapter06/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000..12659b8f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +GV := $(wildcard *.gv) +SVG := $(patsubst %.gv,%.svg,$(GV)) + +.PHONY: all +all: $(SVG) + +%.svg: %.gv + dot -Tsvg $< > $@ + +.PHONY: clean +clean: + @rm -f $(SVG) diff --git a/docs/chapter06/README.md b/docs/chapter06/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d39de1d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +# Chapter 6: Peepholes for If + +In this chapter we do not add new language features. Our goal is to add peephole optimization to `if` statements. + +You can also read [this chapter](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/tree/linear-chapter06) in a linear Git revision history on the [linear](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/tree/linear) branch and [compare](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/compare/linear-chapter05...linear-chapter06) it to the previous chapter. + +## Type System Revision + +We now need to extend the type system to introduce another lattice structure, in addition to the Integer sub-lattice. +As before we denote "Top" by T and "Bottom" by ⊥. + +* "Ctrl" represents a live control, whereas "~Ctrl" represents a dead control. +* "INT" refers to an integer value, note that integer values have their own sub-lattice. + +| | ⊥ | Ctrl | ~Ctrl | T | INT | +|-------|---|------|-------|-------|-----| +| T | ⊥ | Ctrl | ~Ctrl | T | INT | +| Ctrl | ⊥ | Ctrl | Ctrl | Ctrl | ⊥ | +| ~Ctrl | ⊥ | Ctrl | ~Ctrl | ~Ctrl | ⊥ | +| ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | + +* "Top" meets any type is that type, +* "Bottom" meets any type is "Bottom", +* "Top", "Bottom", "Ctrl", "~Ctrl" are classed as simple types, +* "Ctrl" meets "~Ctrl" is "Ctrl" +* Unless covered above, a simple type meets non-simple results in "Bottom" + +The entire revised Lattice is shown below: + + + + +## Peephole of `if` + +* Our general strategy is to continue parsing the entire `if` statement even if we know that one branch is dead. +* This approach creates dead nodes which get cleaned up by dead code + elimination. The benefits are that we do not introduce special logic during + parsing, the normal graph building machinery takes care of cleaning up dead + nodes. +* When we peephole an `If` node we test if the predicate is a constant. If so, + then one branch or the other dead, depending on if the constant is `0` or not. +* When we add the `Proj` nodes, in this scenario, we already know one of the projections is dead. The peephole of the + relevant `Proj` node replaces the `Proj` with a `Constant` of type "~Ctrl" indicating dead control. +* At this point our dead code elimination would kill the `If` node since it has no uses + - but we cannot do that because we need to continue the parse. The + important observation is that *we __can__ kill the `If` node after __both__ + the `Proj` nodes have been created*, because any subsequent control flow can + only see the `Proj` nodes. +* To ensure this, we add a dummy user to `If` before creating the first `Proj` and remove it immediately after, allowing the + second `Proj` to trigger a dead code elimination of the `If`. +* The live `Proj` gets replaced by the parent of `If`, whereas the dead `Proj` gets replaced by "~Ctrl". +* The parsing then continues as normal. +* The other changes are when we reach the merge point with a dead control. +* Again keeping with our strategy we merge as normal, including creating `Phi` nodes. +* The `Region` may have have one of its inputs as "~Ctrl". This will be seen + by the `Phi` which then optimizes itself. If the `Phi` has just one live + input, the `Phi` peephole replaces itself with the remaining input. +* Finally, at the end, when the `Region` node is peepholed, we see that it has only one live input and no Phi uses + and can be replaced with its one live input. + +## `Region` and `Phi` + +One of the invariants we maintain is that the for each control input to a +`Region` every `Phi` has a 1-to-1 relationship with a data input. Thus, if a +`Region` loses a control input, every `Phi`'s corresponding data input must be +deleted. Conversely, we cannot collapse a Region until it has no dependent +`Phi`s. + +When processing `If` we do not remove control inputs to a `Region`, instead the +dead control input is simply set to `Constant(~Ctrl)`. The peephole logic in +a `Phi` notices this and replaces itself with the live input. + +## Discussion + +With the changes above, our peephole optimization is able to fold dead code when +an `if` statement has a condition that evaluates to `true` or `false` at compile time. + +Let's look at a simple example below: + +```java +if( true ) return 2; +return 1; +``` + +Before peephole: + + + +After peephole: + + + +Another example: + +```java +int a=1; +if( true ) + a=2; +else + a=3; +return a; +``` + +Before peephole: + + + +After peephole: + + + +## Expanding Peephole Beyond Constant Expressions + +While our peephole of the `CFG` collapses dead code when the expression is +a compile time constant. it does not do as well as it could with following example: + +```java +int a = 0; +int b = 1; +if( arg ) { + a = 2; + if( arg ) { b = 2; } + else b = 3; +} +return a+b; +``` + +In this example, `arg` is defined externally, and we have to assume it is not a constant. +However, the code repeats the `if( arg )` condition in the inner `if` statement. +We know that if the outer `if( arg )` is true, then the *inner `if` must also evaluate to true*. + +Our peephole at present cannot see this: + + + +What we would like is for our peephole to see that the inner `if` is fully determined by the +outer `if` and thus, the code can be simplified as follows: + +```java +int a = 0; +int b = 1; +if ( arg ) { + a = 2; + b = 2; +} +return a+b; +``` + +That is, the final outcome is either `4` if `arg` happens to be true, or `1` if `arg` happens to be false. + +## Dominators + +The key to implementing this peephole is the observation that the inner `if` is completely determined by the +outer `if`. In compiler parlance, we say that the outer `if` dominates the inner `if`. + +There is a generic way to determine this type of domination; it involves constructing a dominator +tree. For details of how to do this, please refer to the paper `A Simple, Fast Dominance Algorithm`.[^1] + +However, constructing a dominator tree is an expensive operation; one that we would not like to +do in the middle of parsing. Fortunately, since we do not have loops yet, we do not +have back edges in our control flow graph. Our control flow graph is essentially hierarchical, tree like. +Thus, a simple form of dominator identification is possible. + +The main idea is that we can assign a `depth` to each control node, this represents the node's depth +in the hierarchy. We can compute this depth incrementally as we need to. The nodes that are deeper in the hierarchy +have a greater depth than the ones above. + +Secondly we know that for our control nodes, except for `Region`s, there is only one incoming control edge, +which means that most control nodes have a single immediate dominating control node. `Region` nodes are different +as they can have one or more control edges; but, we know that for `if` statements, a `Region` node has exactly two +control inputs, one from each branch of the `if`. To find the immediate dominator of a `Region` node in the +limited scenario of an `if`, we can follow the immediate dominator of each branch until we find the common ancestor +node that dominates both the branches. + +If this ancestor node is also an `if` and its predicate is the same as the current `if`, then we know that +the outcome of the present `if` is fully determined. + +The code that does this check is in the [`compute` method of the `if`](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/blob/main/chapter06/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/IfNode.java#L38-L45). + +The `idom` method in `Node` provides a default implementation of the depth based immediate dominator calculation. +`Region`'s [override this](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/blob/main/chapter06/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/RegionNode.java#L57-L74) to implement the more complex search described above. + +It turns out that to simplify the example above, we need a [further peephole in our `Add` node](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/blob/main/chapter06/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/AddNode.java#L64-L67). + +With all these changes, the outcome of the peephole is just what we would like to see! + + + +[^1]: Cooper, K. D. Cooper, Harvey, T. J., and Kennedy, K. (2001). + A Simple, Fast Dominance Algorithm. diff --git a/docs/chapter06/lattice.gv b/docs/chapter06/lattice.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e533ad4a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/lattice.gv @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +digraph Lattice { + // Define nodes + splines=false; + node [shape=circle, style=filled, fillcolor=lightblue]; + nodesep=0.6; + + TOP [label="⊤"]; + BOT [label="⊥"]; + + XCTRL [label="~Ctrl"]; + CTRL [label="Ctrl"]; + + INT_TOP [label="IntTop"]; + INT_BOT [label="IntBot"]; + + INT_MIN [label="-n"]; + INT_MINDOTS [label="..." shape=none style=none]; + INT_MINUS [label="-1"]; + INT_ZERO [label="0"]; + INT_PLUS [label="1"]; + INT_MAXDOTS [label="..." shape=none style=none]; + INT_MAX [label="+n"]; + + TUPLE [label="TUPLE"]; + + // Define edges + edge [arrowhead=none]; + + TOP -> INT_TOP; + INT_TOP -> INT_MIN; + INT_TOP -> INT_MINDOTS; + INT_TOP -> INT_MINUS; + INT_TOP -> INT_ZERO; + INT_TOP -> INT_PLUS; + INT_TOP -> INT_MAXDOTS; + INT_TOP -> INT_MAX; + INT_MIN -> INT_BOT; + INT_MINDOTS -> INT_BOT; + INT_MINUS -> INT_BOT; + INT_ZERO -> INT_BOT; + INT_PLUS -> INT_BOT; + INT_MAXDOTS -> INT_BOT; + INT_MAX -> INT_BOT; + INT_BOT -> BOT; + + INT_MIN -> INT_MINDOTS -> INT_MINUS -> INT_ZERO -> INT_PLUS -> INT_MAXDOTS -> INT_MAX [style=invis]; + + TOP -> TUPLE; + TUPLE -> BOT; + + TOP -> XCTRL; + XCTRL -> CTRL; + CTRL -> BOT; + + // Additional customization + {rank=same; TOP} + {rank=same; INT_TOP; XCTRL} + {rank=same; INT_MIN; INT_MINDOTS; + INT_MINUS; INT_ZERO; + INT_PLUS; INT_MAXDOTS; + INT_MAX; TUPLE} + {rank=same; INT_BOT; CTRL} + {rank=same; BOT;} +} diff --git a/docs/chapter06/lattice.svg b/docs/chapter06/lattice.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..713b54c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter06/lattice.svg @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: Lattice Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="702pt" height="478pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 702.04 478.27" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 474.27)"> +<title>Lattice</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-474.27 698.04,-474.27 698.04,4 -4,4"/> +<!-- TOP --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>TOP</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="277.5" cy="-450.77" rx="19.5" ry="19.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="277.5" y="-447.07" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">⊤</text> +</g> +<!-- XCTRL --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>XCTRL</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="46.5" cy="-354.98" rx="36.29" ry="36.29"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="46.5" y="-351.28" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">~Ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- TOP->XCTRL --> +<g id="edge25" class="edge"> +<title>TOP->XCTRL</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M259.76,-442.57C221.3,-426.95 129.74,-389.78 80.01,-369.59"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>INT_TOP</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="277.5" cy="-354.98" rx="40.09" ry="40.09"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="277.5" y="-351.28" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">IntTop</text> +</g> +<!-- TOP->INT_TOP --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>TOP->INT_TOP</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M277.5,-431.24C277.5,-420.99 277.5,-407.84 277.5,-395.42"/> +</g> +<!-- TUPLE --> +<g id="node14" class="node"> +<title>TUPLE</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="650.5" cy="-235.14" rx="43.59" ry="43.59"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="650.5" y="-231.44" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">TUPLE</text> +</g> +<!-- TOP->TUPLE --> +<g id="edge23" class="edge"> +<title>TOP->TUPLE</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M294.49,-440.95C350.93,-408.32 533.03,-303.05 612.65,-257.02"/> +</g> +<!-- BOT --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>BOT</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="277.5" cy="-19.5" rx="19.5" ry="19.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="277.5" y="-15.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">⊥</text> +</g> +<!-- CTRL --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>CTRL</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="50.5" cy="-115.29" rx="28.7" ry="28.7"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="50.5" y="-111.59" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Ctrl</text> +</g> +<!-- XCTRL->CTRL --> +<g id="edge26" class="edge"> +<title>XCTRL->CTRL</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M47.11,-318.58C47.9,-270.77 49.29,-187.82 50.02,-144.12"/> +</g> +<!-- CTRL->BOT --> +<g id="edge27" class="edge"> +<title>CTRL->BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M76.98,-103.35C123.76,-84.02 219.83,-44.32 259.63,-27.88"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MIN --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>INT_MIN</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="19.5" cy="-235.14" rx="19.5" ry="19.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="19.5" y="-231.44" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">-n</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_MIN --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_MIN</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M241.08,-337.34C184.83,-311.65 78.92,-263.28 37.12,-244.18"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MINDOTS --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>INT_MINDOTS</title> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="108.5" y="-231.44" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">...</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_MINDOTS --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_MINDOTS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M244.91,-331.26C212.21,-308.45 162.56,-273.83 133.04,-253.25"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MINUS --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>INT_MINUS</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="197.5" cy="-235.14" rx="19.5" ry="19.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="197.5" y="-231.44" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">-1</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_MINUS --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_MINUS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M255.21,-321.15C239.86,-298.54 220.15,-269.51 208.19,-251.89"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_ZERO --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>INT_ZERO</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="277.5" cy="-235.14" rx="18" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="277.5" y="-231.44" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_ZERO --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_ZERO</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M277.5,-314.41C277.5,-293.68 277.5,-269.36 277.5,-253.39"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_PLUS --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>INT_PLUS</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="356.5" cy="-235.14" rx="18" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="356.5" y="-231.44" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_PLUS --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_PLUS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M299.5,-321.15C315.03,-298 335.07,-268.1 346.78,-250.63"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MAXDOTS --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>INT_MAXDOTS</title> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="444.5" y="-231.44" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">...</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_MAXDOTS --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_MAXDOTS</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M310.09,-330.98C342.46,-308.14 391.33,-273.65 420.37,-253.16"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MAX --> +<g id="node13" class="node"> +<title>INT_MAX</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="539.5" cy="-235.14" rx="24.9" ry="24.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="539.5" y="-231.44" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">+n</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_TOP->INT_MAX --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>INT_TOP->INT_MAX</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M313.93,-337.59C369.05,-312.8 471.99,-266.5 517.22,-246.16"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_BOT --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>INT_BOT</title> +<ellipse fill="lightblue" stroke="black" cx="277.5" cy="-115.29" rx="40.09" ry="40.09"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="277.5" y="-111.59" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">IntBot</text> +</g> +<!-- INT_BOT->BOT --> +<g id="edge16" class="edge"> +<title>INT_BOT->BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M277.5,-74.79C277.5,-62.37 277.5,-49.25 277.5,-39.01"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MIN->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>INT_MIN->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M37.23,-226.04C79.13,-206.9 184.92,-158.58 241.11,-132.91"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MIN->INT_MINDOTS --> +<!-- INT_MINDOTS->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>INT_MINDOTS->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M133.07,-217C162.55,-196.45 212.07,-161.91 244.77,-139.11"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MINDOTS->INT_MINUS --> +<!-- INT_MINUS->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>INT_MINUS->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M208.29,-218.24C220.23,-200.65 239.81,-171.81 255.1,-149.29"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MINUS->INT_ZERO --> +<!-- INT_ZERO->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>INT_ZERO->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M277.5,-217C277.5,-201.04 277.5,-176.66 277.5,-155.88"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_ZERO->INT_PLUS --> +<!-- INT_PLUS->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>INT_PLUS->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M346.81,-219.69C335.11,-202.23 315.06,-172.33 299.53,-149.16"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_PLUS->INT_MAXDOTS --> +<!-- INT_MAXDOTS->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>INT_MAXDOTS->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M420.22,-217C391.18,-196.51 342.45,-162.13 310.14,-139.33"/> +</g> +<!-- INT_MAXDOTS->INT_MAX --> +<!-- INT_MAX->INT_BOT --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>INT_MAX->INT_BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M517.16,-224.09C471.99,-203.77 369.42,-157.64 314.25,-132.82"/> +</g> +<!-- TUPLE->BOT --> +<g id="edge24" class="edge"> +<title>TUPLE->BOT</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M612.68,-213.27C533.04,-167.23 350.75,-61.85 294.41,-29.27"/> +</g> +</g> +</svg> |
