diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-grammar.md | 83 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph1.gv | 88 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph1.svg | 228 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph2.gv | 78 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph2.svg | 229 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph3.gv | 66 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph3.svg | 216 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph4.gv | 63 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph4.svg | 216 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph5.gv | 60 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph5.svg | 196 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph6.gv | 58 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph6.svg | 176 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph7.gv | 72 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph7.svg | 269 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph8.gv | 129 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph8.svg | 430 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/05-graph9.svg | 174 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/Makefile | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/chapter05/README.md | 353 |
20 files changed, 3196 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-grammar.md b/docs/chapter05/05-grammar.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..65be4bf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-grammar.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +# Grammar for Chapter 1 + +```antlrv4 +grammar SimpleLanguage; + +program + : statement+ EOF + ; + +statement + : returnStatement + | declStatement + | blockStatment + | expressionStatement + | ifStatement + | metaStatement + ; + +ifStatement + : 'if' '(' expression ')' statement ('else' statement)? + ; + +metaStatement + : '#showGraph' ';' + ; + +expressionStatement + : IDENTIFIER '=' expression ';' + ; + +blockStatement + : '{' statement+ '}' + ; + +declStatement + : 'int' IDENTIFIER '=' expression ';' + ; + +returnStatement + : 'return' expression ';' + ; + +expression + : comparisonExpression + ; + +comparisonExpression + : additiveExpression (('==' | '!='| '>'| '<'| '>='| '<=') additiveExpression)* + ; + +additiveExpression + : multiplicativeExpression (('+' | '-') multiplicativeExpression)* + ; + +multiplicativeExpression + : unaryExpression (('*' | '/') unaryExpression)* + ; + +unaryExpression + : ('-') unaryExpression + | primaryExpression + ; + +primaryExpression + : IDENTIFIER + | INTEGER_LITERAL + | 'true' + | 'false' + | '(' expression ')' + ; + +INTEGER_LITERAL + : [1-9][0-9]* + | [0] + ; + +IDENTIFIER + : NON_DIGIT (NON_DIGIT | DIGIT)* + ; + +NON_DIGIT: [a-zA-Z_]; +DEC_DIGIT: [0-9]; +``` diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph1.gv b/docs/chapter05/05-graph1.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..539ee7f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph1.gv @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +digraph chapter05 { +/* +int a = 1; +if (arg == 1) + a = arg+2; +else { + a = arg-3; + #showGraph; +} +#showGraph; +return a; + +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_7 [ label="#1" ]; + EQNode8 [ label="==" ]; + If9 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_13 [ label="#2" ]; + Add14 [ label="+" ]; + Con_15 [ label="#3" ]; + Sub16 [ label="-" ]; + } + node [shape=plaintext]; + subgraph cluster_Scope1_0 { + Scope1_0 [label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="cyan">0</TD><TD PORT="Scope1_0_$ctrl">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="Scope1_0_arg">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE>>]; + subgraph cluster_Scope1_1 { + Scope1_1 [label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="cyan">1</TD><TD PORT="Scope1_1_a">a</TD></TR> + </TABLE>>]; + } + } + node [shape=plaintext]; + subgraph cluster_Scope12_0 { + Scope12_0 [label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="cyan">0</TD><TD PORT="Scope12_0_$ctrl">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="Scope12_0_arg">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE>>]; + subgraph cluster_Scope12_1 { + Scope12_1 [label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="cyan">1</TD><TD PORT="Scope12_1_a">a</TD></TR> + </TABLE>>]; + } + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + EQNode8 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode8 -> Con_7[taillabel=2]; + If9 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0; color=red]; + If9 -> EQNode8[taillabel=1]; + Add14 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Add14 -> Con_13[taillabel=2]; + Sub16 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Sub16 -> Con_15[taillabel=2]; + edge [style=dashed color=cornflowerblue]; + Scope1_0:"Scope1_0_$ctrl" -> If9:p0; + Scope1_0:"Scope1_0_arg" -> Start2:p1; + Scope1_1:"Scope1_1_a" -> Add14; + edge [style=dashed color=cornflowerblue]; + Scope12_0:"Scope12_0_$ctrl" -> If9:p1; + Scope12_0:"Scope12_0_arg" -> Start2:p1; + Scope12_1:"Scope12_1_a" -> Sub16; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph1.svg b/docs/chapter05/05-graph1.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..efe0a0e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph1.svg @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter05 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="432pt" height="356pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 432.00 356.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 352)"> +<title>chapter05</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-352 428,-352 428,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="85,-88 85,-340 415,-340 415,-88 85,-88"/> +</g> +<g id="clust2" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Scope1_0</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-76 208,-76 208,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<g id="clust3" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Scope1_1</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="16,-16 16,-68 86,-68 86,-16 16,-16"/> +</g> +<g id="clust4" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Scope12_0</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="216,-8 216,-76 416,-76 416,-8 216,-8"/> +</g> +<g id="clust5" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Scope12_1</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="224,-16 224,-68 294,-68 294,-16 224,-16"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="174,-303 174,-328 255,-328 255,-303 174,-303"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="174,-303 174,-328 255,-328 255,-303 174,-303"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="196" y="-311.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="174,-272 174,-303 255,-303 255,-272 174,-272"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="179,-277 179,-298 219,-298 219,-277 179,-277"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="179,-277 179,-298 219,-298 219,-277 179,-277"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="182" y="-283.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="219,-277 219,-298 250,-298 250,-277 219,-277"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="222" y="-283.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_7 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Con_7</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="308" cy="-300" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="308" y="-296.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>EQNode8</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="245" cy="-214" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="245" y="-210.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8->Start2 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode8->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M240.7,-231.97C238.58,-241.48 236.3,-253.83 235.4,-265.95"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="231.9,-265.87 235,-276 238.89,-266.15 231.9,-265.87"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="237.7" y="-234.57" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8->Con_7 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode8->Con_7</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M256.56,-230.41C266.06,-243.08 279.67,-261.23 290.51,-275.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="287.72,-277.79 296.52,-283.69 293.32,-273.59 287.72,-277.79"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="253.56" y="-233.01" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If9 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>If9</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="169,-131 169,-156 263,-156 263,-131 169,-131"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="169,-131 169,-156 263,-156 263,-131 169,-131"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="210.5" y="-139.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="169,-100 169,-131 263,-131 263,-100 169,-100"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="174,-105 174,-126 214,-126 214,-105 174,-105"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="174,-105 174,-126 214,-126 214,-105 174,-105"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="177" y="-111.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="214,-105 214,-126 258,-126 258,-105 214,-105"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="214,-105 214,-126 258,-126 258,-105 214,-105"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="217" y="-111.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If9->Start2 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>If9->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M210.29,-160.14C205.78,-187.26 200.08,-228.01 199.14,-265.52"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="195.63,-265.96 199,-276 202.63,-266.05 195.63,-265.96"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="207.29" y="-162.74" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If9->EQNode8 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>If9->EQNode8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M226.8,-160.28C229.78,-168.9 232.97,-178.17 235.85,-186.49"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="232.58,-187.76 239.16,-196.07 239.2,-185.48 232.58,-187.76"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="223.8" y="-162.88" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_13 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>Con_13</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="120" cy="-300" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="120" y="-296.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Add14 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>Add14</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="153" cy="-214" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="153" y="-210.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">+</text> +</g> +<!-- Add14->Start2 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>Add14->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M174.12,-225.69C193.67,-236.17 221.18,-252.54 231.18,-266.44"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="228.04,-268.01 235,-276 234.54,-265.42 228.04,-268.01"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="171.12" y="-228.29" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Add14->Con_13 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Add14->Con_13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M146.48,-231.6C141.87,-243.33 135.59,-259.3 130.31,-272.76"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="126.91,-271.85 126.51,-282.44 133.42,-274.41 126.91,-271.85"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="143.48" y="-234.2" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_15 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Con_15</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="380" cy="-300" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="380" y="-296.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- Sub16 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Sub16</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="317" cy="-214" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="317" y="-210.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">-</text> +</g> +<!-- Sub16->Start2 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Sub16->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M304.31,-229.92C290.9,-245.57 270.14,-269.43 258.76,-280.7"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="256.56,-277.98 251,-287 260.97,-283.41 256.56,-277.98"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="301.31" y="-232.52" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Sub16->Con_15 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Sub16->Con_15</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M328.56,-230.41C338.06,-243.08 351.67,-261.23 362.51,-275.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="359.72,-277.79 368.52,-283.69 365.32,-273.59 359.72,-277.79"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="325.56" y="-233.01" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Scope1_0 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Scope1_0</title> +<polygon fill="cyan" stroke="transparent" points="105,-31 105,-52 121,-52 121,-31 105,-31"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="105,-31 105,-52 121,-52 121,-31 105,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="108" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">0</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="121,-31 121,-52 161,-52 161,-31 121,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="124" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="161,-31 161,-52 192,-52 192,-31 161,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="164" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Scope1_0->Start2 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Scope1_0:Scope1_0_arg->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="cornflowerblue" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M177,-53C177,-72.12 160.6,-70.93 152,-88 122.36,-146.82 79.43,-177.9 117,-232 146.68,-274.74 223.16,-227.66 233.77,-265.81"/> +<polygon fill="cornflowerblue" stroke="cornflowerblue" points="230.33,-266.49 235,-276 237.28,-265.65 230.33,-266.49"/> +</g> +<!-- Scope1_0->If9 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Scope1_0:Scope1_0_$ctrl->If9:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="cornflowerblue" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M141,-53C141,-81.73 181.94,-74.1 191.86,-94.03"/> +<polygon fill="cornflowerblue" stroke="cornflowerblue" points="188.48,-94.96 194,-104 195.32,-93.49 188.48,-94.96"/> +</g> +<!-- Scope1_1 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Scope1_1</title> +<polygon fill="cyan" stroke="transparent" points="36,-31 36,-52 52,-52 52,-31 36,-31"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="36,-31 36,-52 52,-52 52,-31 36,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="39" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">1</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="52,-31 52,-52 67,-52 67,-31 52,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="55" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">a</text> +</g> +<!-- Scope1_1->Add14 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Scope1_1:Scope1_1_a->Add14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="cornflowerblue" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M60,-53C60,-108.8 102.8,-162.53 130.33,-191.31"/> +<polygon fill="cornflowerblue" stroke="cornflowerblue" points="128.14,-194.07 137.64,-198.75 133.13,-189.17 128.14,-194.07"/> +</g> +<!-- Scope12_0 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Scope12_0</title> +<polygon fill="cyan" stroke="transparent" points="313,-31 313,-52 329,-52 329,-31 313,-31"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="313,-31 313,-52 329,-52 329,-31 313,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="316" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">0</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="329,-31 329,-52 369,-52 369,-31 329,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="332" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="369,-31 369,-52 400,-52 400,-31 369,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="372" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Scope12_0->Start2 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Scope12_0:Scope12_0_arg->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="cornflowerblue" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M385,-53C385,-133.82 402.85,-168.39 353,-232 328.7,-263.01 305.02,-246.51 272,-268 265.41,-272.29 263.77,-278.64 260.39,-282.8"/> +<polygon fill="cornflowerblue" stroke="cornflowerblue" points="258.7,-279.72 251,-287 261.56,-286.11 258.7,-279.72"/> +</g> +<!-- Scope12_0->If9 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Scope12_0:Scope12_0_$ctrl->If9:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="cornflowerblue" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M349,-53C349,-98.16 313.19,-112.94 269.13,-114.79"/> +<polygon fill="cornflowerblue" stroke="cornflowerblue" points="268.93,-111.3 259,-115 269.07,-118.3 268.93,-111.3"/> +</g> +<!-- Scope12_1 --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>Scope12_1</title> +<polygon fill="cyan" stroke="transparent" points="244,-31 244,-52 260,-52 260,-31 244,-31"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="244,-31 244,-52 260,-52 260,-31 244,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="247" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">1</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="260,-31 260,-52 275,-52 275,-31 260,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="263" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">a</text> +</g> +<!-- Scope12_1->Sub16 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Scope12_1:Scope12_1_a->Sub16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="cornflowerblue" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M268,-53C268,-69.44 275,-72.33 280,-88 290.77,-121.73 302.19,-160.92 309.45,-186.29"/> +<polygon fill="cornflowerblue" stroke="cornflowerblue" points="306.09,-187.29 312.2,-195.95 312.83,-185.37 306.09,-187.29"/> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph2.gv b/docs/chapter05/05-graph2.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..12506e85 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph2.gv @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +digraph chapter05 { +/* +int a = 1; +if (arg == 1) + a = arg+2; +else { + a = arg-3; + #showGraph; +} +#showGraph; +return a; +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_7 [ label="#1" ]; + EQNode8 [ label="==" ]; + If9 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_13 [ label="#2" ]; + Add14 [ label="+" ]; + Con_15 [ label="#3" ]; + Sub16 [ label="-" ]; + Region17 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_a18 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_a" ]; + { rank=same; Region17;Phi_a18;} + } + node [shape=plaintext]; + subgraph cluster_Scope1_0 { + Scope1_0 [label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="cyan">0</TD><TD PORT="Scope1_0_$ctrl">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="Scope1_0_arg">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE>>]; + subgraph cluster_Scope1_1 { + Scope1_1 [label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="cyan">1</TD><TD PORT="Scope1_1_a">a</TD></TR> + </TABLE>>]; + } + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + EQNode8 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode8 -> Con_7[taillabel=2]; + If9 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If9 -> EQNode8[taillabel=1]; + Add14 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Add14 -> Con_13[taillabel=2]; + Sub16 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Sub16 -> Con_15[taillabel=2]; + Region17 -> If9:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region17 -> If9:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_a18 -> Region17 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_a18 -> Add14[taillabel=1]; + Phi_a18 -> Sub16[taillabel=2]; + edge [style=dashed color=cornflowerblue]; + Scope1_0:"Scope1_0_$ctrl" -> Region17; + Scope1_0:"Scope1_0_arg" -> Start2:p1; + Scope1_1:"Scope1_1_a" -> Phi_a18; +} diff --git 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+<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="67,-8 67,-76 267,-76 267,-8 67,-8"/> +</g> +<g id="clust4" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Scope1_1</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="75,-16 75,-68 145,-68 145,-16 75,-16"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="113,-375 113,-400 194,-400 194,-375 113,-375"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="113,-375 113,-400 194,-400 194,-375 113,-375"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="135" y="-383.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="113,-344 113,-375 194,-375 194,-344 113,-344"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="118,-349 118,-370 158,-370 158,-349 118,-349"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="118,-349 118,-370 158,-370 158,-349 118,-349"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="121" y="-355.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="158,-349 158,-370 189,-370 189,-349 158,-349"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="161" y="-355.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_7 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Con_7</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="247" cy="-372" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="247" y="-368.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>EQNode8</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="247" cy="-286" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="247" y="-282.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8->Start2 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode8->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M236.57,-302.62C225.76,-318.5 208.98,-342.28 198.26,-353.17"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="196.15,-350.37 190,-359 200.19,-356.09 196.15,-350.37"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="233.57" y="-305.22" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8->Con_7 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode8->Con_7</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M247,-304.4C247,-315.74 247,-330.77 247,-343.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="243.5,-343.9 247,-353.9 250.5,-343.9 243.5,-343.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="244" y="-307" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If9 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>If9</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="172,-203 172,-228 266,-228 266,-203 172,-203"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="172,-203 172,-228 266,-228 266,-203 172,-203"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="213.5" y="-211.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="172,-172 172,-203 266,-203 266,-172 172,-172"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" 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If9->EQNode8 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>If9->EQNode8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M229.43,-232.28C232.3,-240.9 235.39,-250.17 238.16,-258.49"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="234.87,-259.69 241.36,-268.07 241.51,-257.48 234.87,-259.69"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="226.43" y="-234.88" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_13 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>Con_13</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="135" cy="-286" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="135" y="-282.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Add14 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>Add14</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="119" cy="-200" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="119" y="-196.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">+</text> +</g> +<!-- Add14->Start2 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>Add14->Start2:p1</title> +<path 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x="43.19" y="-220.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Region17 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Region17</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="232,-132 166,-132 166,-96 232,-96 232,-132"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="199" y="-110.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region17->If9 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Region17->If9:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M198.14,-132.09C197.72,-141.54 197.27,-153.77 197.08,-165.68"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="193.58,-165.97 197,-176 200.58,-166.03 193.58,-165.97"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="195.14" y="-134.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region17->If9 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Region17->If9:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M217.83,-132.05C226.1,-141.05 234.63,-152.92 237.76,-165.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="234.31,-166.5 239,-176 241.25,-165.65 234.31,-166.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="214.83" y="-134.65" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a18 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Phi_a18</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="119" cy="-114" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="119" y="-110.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_a</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a18->Add14 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a18->Add14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M119,-132.4C119,-143.74 119,-158.77 119,-171.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="115.5,-171.9 119,-181.9 122.5,-171.9 115.5,-171.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="116" y="-135" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a18->Sub16 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a18->Sub16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M106.13,-130.02C95.07,-142.92 78.96,-161.71 66.35,-176.42"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="63.61,-174.24 59.76,-184.11 68.93,-178.8 63.61,-174.24"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="103.13" y="-132.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a18->Region17 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a18->Region17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M146.19,-114C149.39,-114 152.58,-114 155.78,-114"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="155.99,-117.5 165.99,-114 155.99,-110.5 155.99,-117.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="149.19" y="-107.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Scope1_0 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Scope1_0</title> +<polygon fill="cyan" stroke="transparent" points="164,-31 164,-52 180,-52 180,-31 164,-31"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="164,-31 164,-52 180,-52 180,-31 164,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="167" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">0</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="180,-31 180,-52 220,-52 220,-31 180,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="183" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="220,-31 220,-52 251,-52 251,-31 220,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="223" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Scope1_0->Start2 --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>Scope1_0:Scope1_0_arg->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="cornflowerblue" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M252,-41C369.7,-41 344.88,-203.88 283,-304 264.19,-334.43 240.54,-319.81 211,-340 204.51,-344.44 202.84,-350.75 199.44,-354.86"/> +<polygon fill="cornflowerblue" stroke="cornflowerblue" points="197.75,-351.78 190,-359 200.56,-358.19 197.75,-351.78"/> +</g> +<!-- Scope1_0->Region17 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Scope1_0:Scope1_0_$ctrl->Region17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="cornflowerblue" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M200,-53C200,-63.75 199.84,-75.58 199.64,-85.87"/> +<polygon fill="cornflowerblue" stroke="cornflowerblue" points="196.14,-85.86 199.44,-95.93 203.14,-86.01 196.14,-85.86"/> +</g> +<!-- Scope1_1 --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>Scope1_1</title> +<polygon fill="cyan" stroke="transparent" points="95,-31 95,-52 111,-52 111,-31 95,-31"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="95,-31 95,-52 111,-52 111,-31 95,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="98" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">1</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="111,-31 111,-52 126,-52 126,-31 111,-31"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="114" y="-37.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">a</text> +</g> +<!-- Scope1_1->Phi_a18 --> +<g id="edge16" class="edge"> +<title>Scope1_1:Scope1_1_a->Phi_a18</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="cornflowerblue" stroke-dasharray="5,2" d="M119,-53C119,-63.75 119,-75.58 119,-85.87"/> +<polygon fill="cornflowerblue" stroke="cornflowerblue" points="115.5,-85.93 119,-95.93 122.5,-85.93 115.5,-85.93"/> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph3.gv b/docs/chapter05/05-graph3.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..277bed48 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph3.gv @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +digraph chapter05 { +/* +int a = 1; +if (arg == 1) + a = arg+2; +else { + a = arg-3; + #showGraph; +} +#showGraph; +return a; +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_7 [ label="#1" ]; + EQNode8 [ label="==" ]; + If9 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_13 [ label="#2" ]; + Add14 [ label="+" ]; + Con_15 [ label="#3" ]; + Sub16 [ label="-" ]; + Region17 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_a18 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_a" ]; + Return19 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + { rank=same; Region17;Phi_a18;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return19[taillabel=0 color=red]; + EQNode8 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode8 -> Con_7[taillabel=2]; + If9 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If9 -> EQNode8[taillabel=1]; + Add14 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Add14 -> Con_13[taillabel=2]; + Sub16 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Sub16 -> Con_15[taillabel=2]; + Region17 -> If9:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region17 -> If9:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_a18 -> Region17 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_a18 -> Add14[taillabel=1]; + Phi_a18 -> Sub16[taillabel=2]; + Return19 -> Region17[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return19 -> Phi_a18[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph3.svg b/docs/chapter05/05-graph3.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..855fdc2c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph3.svg @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter05 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="298pt" height="492pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 298.00 492.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 488)"> +<title>chapter05</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-488 294,-488 294,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-476 282,-476 282,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="113,-439 113,-464 194,-464 194,-439 113,-439"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="113,-439 113,-464 194,-464 194,-439 113,-439"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="135" y="-447.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="113,-408 113,-439 194,-439 194,-408 113,-408"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="118,-413 118,-434 158,-434 158,-413 118,-413"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="118,-413 118,-434 158,-434 158,-413 118,-413"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="121" y="-419.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="158,-413 158,-434 189,-434 189,-413 158,-413"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="161" y="-419.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="185,-52 131,-52 131,-16 185,-16 185,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="158" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19 --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>Return19</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="191,-124 125,-124 125,-88 191,-88 191,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="158" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return19 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return19</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M158,-52.3C158,-60.02 158,-69.29 158,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="154.5,-77.9 158,-87.9 161.5,-77.9 154.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="155" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_7 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_7</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="247" cy="-436" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="247" y="-432.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>EQNode8</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="247" cy="-350" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="247" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode8->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M236.57,-366.62C225.76,-382.5 208.98,-406.28 198.26,-417.17"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="196.15,-414.37 190,-423 200.19,-420.09 196.15,-414.37"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="233.57" y="-369.22" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8->Con_7 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode8->Con_7</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M247,-368.4C247,-379.74 247,-394.77 247,-407.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="243.5,-407.9 247,-417.9 250.5,-407.9 243.5,-407.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="244" y="-371" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If9 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>If9</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="172,-267 172,-292 266,-292 266,-267 172,-267"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="172,-267 172,-292 266,-292 266,-267 172,-267"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="213.5" y="-275.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="172,-236 172,-267 266,-267 266,-236 172,-236"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="177,-241 177,-262 217,-262 217,-241 177,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="177,-241 177,-262 217,-262 217,-241 177,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="180" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="217,-241 217,-262 261,-262 261,-241 217,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="217,-241 217,-262 261,-262 261,-241 217,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="220" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If9->Start2 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>If9->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M210.31,-296.18C203.59,-317.4 193.07,-345.57 179,-368 166.9,-387.28 145.68,-386.25 139.64,-402.02"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="136.17,-401.56 138,-412 143.08,-402.7 136.17,-401.56"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="207.31" y="-298.78" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If9->EQNode8 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>If9->EQNode8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M229.43,-296.28C232.3,-304.9 235.39,-314.17 238.16,-322.49"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="234.87,-323.69 241.36,-332.07 241.51,-321.48 234.87,-323.69"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="226.43" y="-298.88" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_13 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>Con_13</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="43" cy="-350" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Add14 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Add14</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="47" cy="-264" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="47" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">+</text> +</g> +<!-- Add14->Start2 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Add14->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M54.69,-281.49C67.53,-308.81 92.56,-361.14 99,-368 122.77,-393.31 164.37,-377.46 172.57,-402.01"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="169.12,-402.6 174,-412 176.05,-401.61 169.12,-402.6"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="51.69" y="-284.09" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Add14->Con_13 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Add14->Con_13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M46.19,-282C45.65,-293.31 44.93,-308.42 44.31,-321.43"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="40.8,-321.58 43.82,-331.74 47.79,-321.92 40.8,-321.58"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43.19" y="-284.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_15 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Con_15</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="135" cy="-350" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="135" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- Sub16 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Sub16</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="119" cy="-264" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="119" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">-</text> +</g> +<!-- Sub16->Start2 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Sub16->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M134.23,-279.02C146.68,-291.55 163.4,-311.1 171,-332 181.92,-362.04 175.64,-373.96 174.25,-401.87"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="170.75,-401.92 174,-412 177.75,-402.09 170.75,-401.92"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="131.23" y="-281.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Sub16->Con_15 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Sub16->Con_15</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M122.24,-282C124.43,-293.5 127.37,-308.93 129.87,-322.08"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="126.46,-322.86 131.77,-332.03 133.33,-321.55 126.46,-322.86"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="119.24" y="-284.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Region17 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Region17</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="230,-196 164,-196 164,-160 230,-160 230,-196"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="197" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region17->If9 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Region17->If9:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M197,-196.09C197,-205.55 197,-217.77 197,-229.69"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="193.5,-230 197,-240 200.5,-230 193.5,-230"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="194" y="-198.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region17->If9 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Region17->If9:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M217.02,-196.12C225.64,-205.06 234.48,-216.84 237.71,-229.84"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="234.27,-230.52 239,-240 241.22,-229.64 234.27,-230.52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="214.02" y="-198.72" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a18 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Phi_a18</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="119" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="119" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_a</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a18->Add14 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a18->Add14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M106.13,-194.02C95.07,-206.92 78.96,-225.71 66.35,-240.42"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="63.61,-238.24 59.76,-248.11 68.93,-242.8 63.61,-238.24"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="103.13" y="-196.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a18->Sub16 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a18->Sub16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M119,-196.4C119,-207.74 119,-222.77 119,-235.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="115.5,-235.9 119,-245.9 122.5,-235.9 115.5,-235.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="116" y="-199" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a18->Region17 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a18->Region17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M146.12,-178C148.58,-178 151.04,-178 153.5,-178"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="153.61,-181.5 163.61,-178 153.61,-174.5 153.61,-181.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="149.12" y="-171.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Region17 --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Region17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M167.64,-124.3C172.13,-132.36 177.56,-142.11 182.52,-151.02"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="179.55,-152.86 187.47,-159.9 185.66,-149.46 179.55,-152.86"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="164.64" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Phi_a18 --> +<g id="edge16" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Phi_a18</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M148.36,-124.3C143.69,-132.68 138,-142.9 132.87,-152.1"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="129.8,-150.42 127.99,-160.86 135.92,-153.82 129.8,-150.42"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="145.36" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph4.gv b/docs/chapter05/05-graph4.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..88120b4a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph4.gv @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +digraph chapter05 { +/* +int a=arg==2; +if( arg==1 ) +{ + a=arg==3; +} +return a; +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_6 [ label="#2" ]; + EQNode7 [ label="==" ]; + Con_8 [ label="#1" ]; + EQNode9 [ label="==" ]; + If10 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_14 [ label="#3" ]; + EQNode15 [ label="==" ]; + Region16 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_a17 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_a" ]; + Return18 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + { rank=same; Region16;Phi_a17;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return18[taillabel=0 color=red]; + EQNode7 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode7 -> Con_6[taillabel=2]; + EQNode9 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode9 -> Con_8[taillabel=2]; + If10 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If10 -> EQNode9[taillabel=1]; + EQNode15 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode15 -> Con_14[taillabel=2]; + Region16 -> If10:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region16 -> If10:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_a17 -> Region16 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_a17 -> EQNode15[taillabel=1]; + Phi_a17 -> EQNode7[taillabel=2]; + Return18 -> Region16[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return18 -> Phi_a17[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph4.svg b/docs/chapter05/05-graph4.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3fcee500 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph4.svg @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter05 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="298pt" height="492pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 298.00 492.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 488)"> +<title>chapter05</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-488 294,-488 294,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-476 282,-476 282,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="113,-439 113,-464 194,-464 194,-439 113,-439"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="113,-439 113,-464 194,-464 194,-439 113,-439"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="135" y="-447.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="113,-408 113,-439 194,-439 194,-408 113,-408"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="118,-413 118,-434 158,-434 158,-413 118,-413"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="118,-413 118,-434 158,-434 158,-413 118,-413"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="121" y="-419.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="158,-413 158,-434 189,-434 189,-413 158,-413"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="161" y="-419.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="185,-52 131,-52 131,-16 185,-16 185,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="158" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return18 --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>Return18</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="191,-124 125,-124 125,-88 191,-88 191,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="158" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return18 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return18</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M158,-52.3C158,-60.02 158,-69.29 158,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="154.5,-77.9 158,-87.9 161.5,-77.9 154.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="155" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_6 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_6</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="43" cy="-350" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode7 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>EQNode7</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="47" cy="-264" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="47" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode7->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode7->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M54.69,-281.49C67.53,-308.81 92.56,-361.14 99,-368 122.77,-393.31 164.37,-377.46 172.57,-402.01"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="169.12,-402.6 174,-412 176.05,-401.61 169.12,-402.6"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="51.69" y="-284.09" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode7->Con_6 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode7->Con_6</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M46.19,-282C45.65,-293.31 44.93,-308.42 44.31,-321.43"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="40.8,-321.58 43.82,-331.74 47.79,-321.92 40.8,-321.58"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43.19" y="-284.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_8 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>Con_8</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="247" cy="-436" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="247" y="-432.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode9 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>EQNode9</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="247" cy="-350" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="247" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode9->Start2 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode9->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M236.57,-366.62C225.76,-382.5 208.98,-406.28 198.26,-417.17"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="196.15,-414.37 190,-423 200.19,-420.09 196.15,-414.37"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="233.57" y="-369.22" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode9->Con_8 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode9->Con_8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M247,-368.4C247,-379.74 247,-394.77 247,-407.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="243.5,-407.9 247,-417.9 250.5,-407.9 243.5,-407.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="244" y="-371" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If10 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>If10</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="172,-267 172,-292 266,-292 266,-267 172,-267"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="172,-267 172,-292 266,-292 266,-267 172,-267"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="213.5" y="-275.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="172,-236 172,-267 266,-267 266,-236 172,-236"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="177,-241 177,-262 217,-262 217,-241 177,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="177,-241 177,-262 217,-262 217,-241 177,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="180" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="217,-241 217,-262 261,-262 261,-241 217,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="217,-241 217,-262 261,-262 261,-241 217,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="220" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If10->Start2 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>If10->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M210.31,-296.18C203.59,-317.4 193.07,-345.57 179,-368 166.9,-387.28 145.68,-386.25 139.64,-402.02"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="136.17,-401.56 138,-412 143.08,-402.7 136.17,-401.56"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="207.31" y="-298.78" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If10->EQNode9 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>If10->EQNode9</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M229.43,-296.28C232.3,-304.9 235.39,-314.17 238.16,-322.49"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="234.87,-323.69 241.36,-332.07 241.51,-321.48 234.87,-323.69"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="226.43" y="-298.88" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_14 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Con_14</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="135" cy="-350" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="135" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode15 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>EQNode15</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="119" cy="-264" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="119" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode15->Start2 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode15->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M134.23,-279.02C146.68,-291.55 163.4,-311.1 171,-332 181.92,-362.04 175.64,-373.96 174.25,-401.87"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="170.75,-401.92 174,-412 177.75,-402.09 170.75,-401.92"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="131.23" y="-281.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode15->Con_14 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode15->Con_14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M122.24,-282C124.43,-293.5 127.37,-308.93 129.87,-322.08"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="126.46,-322.86 131.77,-332.03 133.33,-321.55 126.46,-322.86"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="119.24" y="-284.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Region16 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Region16</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="230,-196 164,-196 164,-160 230,-160 230,-196"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="197" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region16->If10 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Region16->If10:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M197,-196.09C197,-205.55 197,-217.77 197,-229.69"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="193.5,-230 197,-240 200.5,-230 193.5,-230"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="194" y="-198.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region16->If10 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Region16->If10:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M217.02,-196.12C225.64,-205.06 234.48,-216.84 237.71,-229.84"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="234.27,-230.52 239,-240 241.22,-229.64 234.27,-230.52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="214.02" y="-198.72" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a17 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Phi_a17</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="119" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="119" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_a</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a17->EQNode7 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a17->EQNode7</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M106.13,-194.02C95.07,-206.92 78.96,-225.71 66.35,-240.42"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="63.61,-238.24 59.76,-248.11 68.93,-242.8 63.61,-238.24"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="103.13" y="-196.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a17->EQNode15 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a17->EQNode15</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M119,-196.4C119,-207.74 119,-222.77 119,-235.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="115.5,-235.9 119,-245.9 122.5,-235.9 115.5,-235.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="116" y="-199" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a17->Region16 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a17->Region16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M146.12,-178C148.58,-178 151.04,-178 153.5,-178"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="153.61,-181.5 163.61,-178 153.61,-174.5 153.61,-181.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="149.12" y="-171.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return18->Region16 --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>Return18->Region16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M167.64,-124.3C172.13,-132.36 177.56,-142.11 182.52,-151.02"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="179.55,-152.86 187.47,-159.9 185.66,-149.46 179.55,-152.86"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="164.64" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return18->Phi_a17 --> +<g id="edge16" class="edge"> +<title>Return18->Phi_a17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M148.36,-124.3C143.69,-132.68 138,-142.9 132.87,-152.1"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="129.8,-150.42 127.99,-160.86 135.92,-153.82 129.8,-150.42"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="145.36" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph5.gv b/docs/chapter05/05-graph5.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b03e90b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph5.gv @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +digraph chapter05 { +/* +int a=arg==2; +if( arg==1 ) +{ + a=arg==3; +} +return a; +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_6 [ label="#2" ]; + Con_8 [ label="#1" ]; + EQNode9 [ label="==" ]; + If10 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_14 [ label="#3" ]; + Region16 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_a19 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_a" ]; + EQNode20 [ label="==" ]; + Return21 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + { rank=same; Region16;Phi_a19;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return21[taillabel=0 color=red]; + EQNode9 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode9 -> Con_8[taillabel=2]; + If10 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If10 -> EQNode9[taillabel=1]; + Region16 -> If10:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region16 -> If10:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_a19 -> Region16 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_a19 -> Con_14[taillabel=1]; + Phi_a19 -> Con_6[taillabel=2]; + EQNode20 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode20 -> Phi_a19[taillabel=2]; + Return21 -> Region16[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return21 -> EQNode20[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph5.svg b/docs/chapter05/05-graph5.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4f6fa4bd --- /dev/null +++ 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points="97,-511 97,-536 178,-536 178,-511 97,-511"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="119" y="-519.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="97,-480 97,-511 178,-511 178,-480 97,-480"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="102,-485 102,-506 142,-506 142,-485 102,-485"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="102,-485 102,-506 142,-506 142,-485 102,-485"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="105" y="-491.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="142,-485 142,-506 173,-506 173,-485 142,-485"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="145" y="-491.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="148,-52 94,-52 94,-16 148,-16 148,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="121" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return21 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Return21</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="154,-124 88,-124 88,-88 154,-88 154,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="121" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return21 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return21</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M121,-52.3C121,-60.02 121,-69.29 121,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="117.5,-77.9 121,-87.9 124.5,-77.9 117.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="118" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_6 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_6</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="263" cy="-336" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="263" y="-332.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_8 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Con_8</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="43" cy="-508" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43" y="-504.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode9 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>EQNode9</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="71" cy="-422" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="71" y="-418.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode9->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode9->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M92.51,-433.05C113.44,-443.41 143.59,-460.03 154.16,-474.46"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="151.02,-476.03 158,-484 157.51,-473.42 151.02,-476.03"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="89.51" y="-435.65" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode9->Con_8 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode9->Con_8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M65.33,-440C61.44,-451.69 56.19,-467.44 51.76,-480.73"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="48.4,-479.72 48.56,-490.31 55.04,-481.93 48.4,-479.72"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="62.33" y="-442.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If10 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>If10</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="24,-339 24,-364 118,-364 118,-339 24,-339"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-339 24,-364 118,-364 118,-339 24,-339"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="65.5" y="-347.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-308 24,-339 118,-339 118,-308 24,-308"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="29,-313 29,-334 69,-334 69,-313 29,-313"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="29,-313 29,-334 69,-334 69,-313 29,-313"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="32" y="-319.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="69,-313 69,-334 113,-334 113,-313 69,-313"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="69,-313 69,-334 113,-334 113,-313 69,-313"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="72" y="-319.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If10->Start2 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>If10->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M90.29,-368.12C96.41,-379.12 102.69,-391.8 107,-404 117.81,-434.65 121.3,-445.6 121.9,-473.74"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="118.4,-474.03 122,-484 125.4,-473.97 118.4,-474.03"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="87.29" y="-370.72" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If10->EQNode9 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>If10->EQNode9</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M71,-368.28C71,-376.58 71,-385.48 71,-393.56"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="67.5,-393.6 71,-403.6 74.5,-393.6 67.5,-393.6"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="68" y="-370.88" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_14 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Con_14</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="191" cy="-336" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="191" y="-332.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- Region16 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Region16</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="125,-268 59,-268 59,-232 125,-232 125,-268"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="92" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region16->If10 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Region16->If10:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M71.51,-268.03C62.68,-276.94 53.63,-288.71 50.32,-301.78"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="46.81,-301.63 49,-312 53.75,-302.53 46.81,-301.63"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="68.51" y="-270.63" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region16->If10 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Region16->If10:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M91.57,-268.09C91.36,-277.55 91.13,-289.77 91.04,-301.69"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="87.54,-301.99 91,-312 94.54,-302.01 87.54,-301.99"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="88.57" y="-270.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a19 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Phi_a19</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="191" cy="-250" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="191" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_a</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a19->Con_6 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a19->Con_6</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M203.87,-266.02C214.93,-278.92 231.04,-297.71 243.65,-312.42"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="241.07,-314.8 250.24,-320.11 246.39,-310.24 241.07,-314.8"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="200.87" y="-268.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a19->Con_14 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a19->Con_14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M191,-268.4C191,-279.74 191,-294.77 191,-307.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="187.5,-307.9 191,-317.9 194.5,-307.9 187.5,-307.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="188" y="-271" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a19->Region16 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a19->Region16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M163.78,-250C154.35,-250 144.92,-250 135.49,-250"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="135.26,-246.5 125.26,-250 135.26,-253.5 135.26,-246.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="160.78" y="-243.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode20 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>EQNode20</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="145" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="145" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode20->Start2 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode20->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M145.93,-196.36C148.75,-249.2 157.02,-408.5 157.92,-473.67"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="154.42,-474.03 158,-484 161.42,-473.97 154.42,-474.03"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="142.93" y="-198.96" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode20->Phi_a19 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode20->Phi_a19</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M155.44,-194.88C161.2,-203.66 168.48,-214.74 174.96,-224.58"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="172.19,-226.74 180.6,-233.18 178.04,-222.9 172.19,-226.74"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="152.44" y="-197.48" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Return21->Region16 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Return21->Region16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M116.96,-124.15C114.56,-134.51 111.51,-147.99 109,-160 104.69,-180.66 100.23,-204.11 96.96,-221.75"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="93.46,-221.44 95.09,-231.9 100.34,-222.7 93.46,-221.44"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="113.96" y="-126.75" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return21->EQNode20 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Return21->EQNode20</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M126.93,-124.3C129.68,-132.3 132.99,-141.98 136.03,-150.85"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="132.75,-152.05 139.3,-160.38 139.37,-149.78 132.75,-152.05"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="123.93" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph6.gv b/docs/chapter05/05-graph6.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1ad7b94a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph6.gv @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +digraph chapter05 { +/* +int c = 3; +int b = 2; +if (arg == 1) { + b = 3; + c = 4; +} +return c; +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_6 [ label="#3" ]; + Con_8 [ label="#1" ]; + EQNode9 [ label="==" ]; + If10 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_15 [ label="#4" ]; + Region16 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_c17 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_c" ]; + Return19 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + { rank=same; Region16;Phi_c17;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return19[taillabel=0 color=red]; + EQNode9 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode9 -> Con_8[taillabel=2]; + If10 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If10 -> EQNode9[taillabel=1]; + Region16 -> If10:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region16 -> If10:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_c17 -> Region16 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_c17 -> Con_15[taillabel=1]; + Phi_c17 -> Con_6[taillabel=2]; + Return19 -> Region16[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return19 -> Phi_c17[taillabel=1]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph6.svg b/docs/chapter05/05-graph6.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..71527d7f --- /dev/null +++ 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points="109,-439 109,-464 190,-464 190,-439 109,-439"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="131" y="-447.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="109,-408 109,-439 190,-439 190,-408 109,-408"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="114,-413 114,-434 154,-434 154,-413 114,-413"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="114,-413 114,-434 154,-434 154,-413 114,-413"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="117" y="-419.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="154,-413 154,-434 185,-434 185,-413 154,-413"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="157" y="-419.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="181,-52 127,-52 127,-16 181,-16 181,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="154" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Return19</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="187,-124 121,-124 121,-88 187,-88 187,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="154" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return19 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return19</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M154,-52.3C154,-60.02 154,-69.29 154,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="150.5,-77.9 154,-87.9 157.5,-77.9 150.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="151" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_6 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_6</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="43" cy="-264" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_8 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Con_8</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="243" cy="-436" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="243" y="-432.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode9 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>EQNode9</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="215" cy="-350" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="215" y="-346.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode9->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode9->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M197.73,-364.01C187.32,-373.17 175.33,-386.49 171.36,-401.73"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="167.84,-401.63 170,-412 174.78,-402.54 167.84,-401.63"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="194.73" y="-366.61" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode9->Con_8 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode9->Con_8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M220.67,-368C224.56,-379.69 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font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="213,-241 213,-262 257,-262 257,-241 213,-241"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="213,-241 213,-262 257,-262 257,-241 213,-241"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="216" y="-247.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If10->Start2 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>If10->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M185.76,-296.14C164.32,-322.05 138.32,-361.17 134.48,-401.9"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="130.98,-401.84 134,-412 137.97,-402.18 130.98,-401.84"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="182.76" y="-298.74" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If10->EQNode9 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>If10->EQNode9</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M215,-296.28C215,-304.58 215,-313.48 215,-321.56"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="211.5,-321.6 215,-331.6 218.5,-321.6 211.5,-321.6"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="212" y="-298.88" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_15 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>Con_15</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="115" cy="-264" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="115" y="-260.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#4</text> +</g> +<!-- Region16 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Region16</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="226,-196 160,-196 160,-160 226,-160 226,-196"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="193" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region16->If10 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Region16->If10:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M193,-196.09C193,-205.55 193,-217.77 193,-229.69"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="189.5,-230 193,-240 196.5,-230 189.5,-230"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="190" y="-198.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region16->If10 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>Region16->If10:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M213.02,-196.12C221.64,-205.06 230.48,-216.84 233.71,-229.84"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="230.27,-230.52 235,-240 237.22,-229.64 230.27,-230.52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="210.02" y="-198.72" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c17 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Phi_c17</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="115" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="115" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_c</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c17->Con_6 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_c17->Con_6</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M102.13,-194.02C91.07,-206.92 74.96,-225.71 62.35,-240.42"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="59.61,-238.24 55.76,-248.11 64.93,-242.8 59.61,-238.24"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="99.13" y="-196.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c17->Con_15 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_c17->Con_15</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M115,-196.4C115,-207.74 115,-222.77 115,-235.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="111.5,-235.9 115,-245.9 118.5,-235.9 111.5,-235.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="112" y="-199" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_c17->Region16 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_c17->Region16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M142.12,-178C144.58,-178 147.04,-178 149.5,-178"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="149.61,-181.5 159.61,-178 149.61,-174.5 149.61,-181.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="145.12" y="-171.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Region16 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Region16</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M163.64,-124.3C168.13,-132.36 173.56,-142.11 178.52,-151.02"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="175.55,-152.86 183.47,-159.9 181.66,-149.46 175.55,-152.86"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="160.64" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Return19->Phi_c17 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Return19->Phi_c17</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M144.36,-124.3C139.69,-132.68 134,-142.9 128.87,-152.1"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="125.8,-150.42 123.99,-160.86 131.92,-153.82 125.8,-150.42"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="141.36" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph7.gv b/docs/chapter05/05-graph7.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3abd6455 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph7.gv @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +digraph chapter05 { +/* +int a=arg+1; +int b=arg+2; +if( arg==1 ) + b=b+a; +else + a=b+1; +return a+b; +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Phi_b37 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_b" ]; + Con_10 [ label="#1" ]; + Add42 [ label="+" ]; + EQNode11 [ label="==" ]; + If12 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_46 [ label="#4" ]; + Con_48 [ label="#5" ]; + Phi_ab49 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_ab" ]; + Add50 [ label="+" ]; + Con_19 [ label="#2" ]; + Return51 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + Mul20 [ label="*" ]; + Region31 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + { rank=same; Region31;Phi_b37;Phi_ab49;} + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return51[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Phi_b37 -> Region31 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_b37 -> Mul20[taillabel=1]; + Phi_b37 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=2]; + Add42 -> Phi_b37[taillabel=1]; + Add42 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=2]; + EQNode11 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode11 -> Con_10[taillabel=2]; + If12 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If12 -> EQNode11[taillabel=1]; + Phi_ab49 -> Region31 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_ab49 -> Con_46[taillabel=1]; + Phi_ab49 -> Con_48[taillabel=2]; + Add50 -> Add42[taillabel=1]; + Add50 -> Phi_ab49[taillabel=2]; + Return51 -> Region31[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return51 -> Add50[taillabel=1]; + Mul20 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + Mul20 -> Con_19[taillabel=2]; + Region31 -> If12:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region31 -> If12:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph7.svg b/docs/chapter05/05-graph7.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8ba5ebd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph7.svg @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter05 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="386pt" height="636pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 386.00 636.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 632)"> +<title>chapter05</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-632 382,-632 382,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-620 370,-620 370,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="187,-583 187,-608 268,-608 268,-583 187,-583"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="187,-583 187,-608 268,-608 268,-583 187,-583"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="209" y="-591.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="187,-552 187,-583 268,-583 268,-552 187,-552"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="192,-557 192,-578 232,-578 232,-557 192,-557"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="192,-557 192,-578 232,-578 232,-557 192,-557"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="195" y="-563.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="232,-557 232,-578 263,-578 263,-557 232,-557"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="235" y="-563.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="230,-52 176,-52 176,-16 230,-16 230,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="203" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return51 --> +<g id="node13" class="node"> +<title>Return51</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="236,-124 170,-124 170,-88 236,-88 236,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="203" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return51 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return51</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M203,-52.3C203,-60.02 203,-69.29 203,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="199.5,-77.9 203,-87.9 206.5,-77.9 199.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="200" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b37 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Phi_b37</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="63" cy="-322" rx="27.1" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="63" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_b</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b37->Start2 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b37->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M50.14,-338.15C37.78,-354.08 20.49,-380.46 17,-407"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="47.14" y="-340.75" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Mul20 --> +<g id="node14" class="node"> +<title>Mul20</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="63" cy="-408" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="63" y="-404.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">*</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b37->Mul20 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b37->Mul20</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M63,-340.4C63,-351.74 63,-366.77 63,-379.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="59.5,-379.9 63,-389.9 66.5,-379.9 59.5,-379.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="-343" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region31 --> +<g id="node15" class="node"> +<title>Region31</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="287,-340 221,-340 221,-304 287,-304 287,-340"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="254" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_b37->Region31 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_b37->Region31</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M83.07,-309.47C97.9,-300.98 118.92,-290.52 139,-286 166.75,-279.76 175.89,-277.4 203,-286 210.99,-288.54 218.81,-292.83 225.83,-297.58"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="224.11,-300.66 234.24,-303.75 228.25,-295.01 224.11,-300.66"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="80.07" y="-303.07" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_10 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>Con_10</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="321" cy="-580" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="321" y="-576.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- Add42 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>Add42</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="63" cy="-250" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="63" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">+</text> +</g> +<!-- Add42->Start2 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>Add42->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M49.72,-266.09C41.69,-276.12 32.07,-289.98 27,-304 11.37,-347.26 22.99,-361.4 17,-407"/> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M17,-409C11.54,-445.93 0.41,-459.55 17,-493"/> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M17,-495C20.89,-502.85 19.85,-506.92 27,-512 102.92,-565.95 228.75,-471 246.01,-537.97"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="242.59,-538.7 247.67,-548 249.49,-537.56 242.59,-538.7"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="46.72" y="-268.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Add42->Phi_b37 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>Add42->Phi_b37</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M63,-268.3C63,-276.02 63,-285.29 63,-293.89"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="59.5,-293.9 63,-303.9 66.5,-293.9 59.5,-293.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="-270.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode11 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>EQNode11</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="307" cy="-494" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="307" y="-490.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode11->Start2 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode11->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M300.78,-511.7C294.25,-528.15 283.48,-552.23 273.01,-562.3"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="271.25,-559.27 264,-567 274.49,-565.48 271.25,-559.27"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="297.78" y="-514.3" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode11->Con_10 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode11->Con_10</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M309.83,-512C311.75,-523.5 314.32,-538.93 316.51,-552.08"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="313.07,-552.74 318.17,-562.03 319.98,-551.59 313.07,-552.74"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="306.83" y="-514.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If12 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>If12</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="260,-411 260,-436 354,-436 354,-411 260,-411"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="260,-411 260,-436 354,-436 354,-411 260,-411"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="301.5" y="-419.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="260,-380 260,-411 354,-411 354,-380 260,-380"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="265,-385 265,-406 305,-406 305,-385 265,-385"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="265,-385 265,-406 305,-406 305,-385 265,-385"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="268" y="-391.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="305,-385 305,-406 349,-406 349,-385 305,-385"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="305,-385 305,-406 349,-406 349,-385 305,-385"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="308" y="-391.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If12->Start2 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>If12->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M271.9,-440.02C246.84,-465.46 216.84,-504 212.53,-545.87"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="209.02,-545.83 212,-556 216.01,-546.2 209.02,-545.83"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="268.9" y="-442.62" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If12->EQNode11 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>If12->EQNode11</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M307,-440.28C307,-448.58 307,-457.48 307,-465.56"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="303.5,-465.6 307,-475.6 310.5,-465.6 303.5,-465.6"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="304" y="-442.88" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_46 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>Con_46</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="135" cy="-408" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="135" y="-404.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#4</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_48 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Con_48</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="207" cy="-408" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="207" y="-404.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#5</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_ab49 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Phi_ab49</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="171" cy="-322" rx="32.49" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="171" y="-318.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_ab</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_ab49->Con_46 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_ab49->Con_46</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M163.89,-339.6C158.81,-351.45 151.88,-367.62 146.08,-381.15"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="142.82,-379.87 142.1,-390.44 149.25,-382.63 142.82,-379.87"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="160.89" y="-342.2" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_ab49->Con_48 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_ab49->Con_48</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M178.11,-339.6C183.19,-351.45 190.12,-367.62 195.92,-381.15"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="192.75,-382.63 199.9,-390.44 199.18,-379.87 192.75,-382.63"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="175.11" y="-342.2" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_ab49->Region31 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_ab49->Region31</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M203.75,-322C206.03,-322 208.32,-322 210.6,-322"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="210.63,-325.5 220.63,-322 210.63,-318.5 210.63,-325.5"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="206.75" y="-315.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Add50 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Add50</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="171" cy="-178" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="171" y="-174.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">+</text> +</g> +<!-- Add50->Add42 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Add50->Add42</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M152.19,-191.19C135,-202.33 109.38,-218.94 90.01,-231.5"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="88.08,-228.57 81.6,-236.95 91.89,-234.44 88.08,-228.57"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="149.19" y="-193.79" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Add50->Phi_ab49 --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>Add50->Phi_ab49</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M171,-196.13C171,-220.33 171,-264.79 171,-293.61"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="167.5,-293.81 171,-303.81 174.5,-293.81 167.5,-293.81"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="168" y="-198.73" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_19 --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>Con_19</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="63" cy="-494" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="63" y="-490.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Return51->Add50 --> +<g id="edge17" class="edge"> +<title>Return51->Add50</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M195.09,-124.3C191.39,-132.39 186.91,-142.19 182.83,-151.13"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="179.57,-149.83 178.6,-160.38 185.94,-152.74 179.57,-149.83"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="192.09" y="-126.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Return51->Region31 --> +<g id="edge16" class="edge"> +<title>Return51->Region31</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M207.09,-124.15C215.93,-161.25 236.89,-249.19 247.54,-293.9"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="244.17,-294.85 249.89,-303.77 250.98,-293.23 244.17,-294.85"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="204.09" y="-126.75" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Mul20->Start2 --> +<g id="edge18" class="edge"> +<title>Mul20->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M46.66,-422.5C28.85,-438.94 4.44,-467.68 17,-493"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="43.66" y="-425.1" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Mul20->Con_19 --> +<g id="edge19" class="edge"> +<title>Mul20->Con_19</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M63,-426.4C63,-437.74 63,-452.77 63,-465.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="59.5,-465.9 63,-475.9 66.5,-465.9 59.5,-465.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="60" y="-429" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Region31->If12 --> +<g id="edge20" class="edge"> +<title>Region31->If12:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M268.23,-340.25C274.66,-349.42 281.38,-361.37 283.93,-373.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="280.47,-374.42 285,-384 287.43,-373.69 280.47,-374.42"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="265.23" y="-342.85" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region31->If12 --> +<g id="edge21" class="edge"> +<title>Region31->If12:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M287.08,-335.84C303.38,-344.18 320.59,-356.74 325.57,-373.96"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="322.13,-374.59 327,-384 329.06,-373.61 322.13,-374.59"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="290.08" y="-329.44" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph8.gv b/docs/chapter05/05-graph8.gv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2af43847 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph8.gv @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +digraph chapter05 { +/* +int a=1; +if( arg==1 ) + if( arg==2 ) + a=2; + else + a=3; +else if( arg==3 ) + a=4; +else + a=5; +return a; +#showGraph; +*/ + rankdir=BT; + ordering="in"; + concentrate="true"; + subgraph cluster_Nodes { + Start2 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">Start</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="p1">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Stop3 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Stop" ]; + Con_7 [ label="#1" ]; + EQNode8 [ label="==" ]; + If9 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_13 [ label="#2" ]; + EQNode14 [ label="==" ]; + If15 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_19 [ label="#2" ]; + Con_20 [ label="#3" ]; + Region21 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_a22 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_a" ]; + Con_23 [ label="#3" ]; + EQNode24 [ label="==" ]; + If25 [ shape=plaintext label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="yellow">If</TD></TR> + <TR><TD> + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD PORT="p0" BGCOLOR="yellow">True</TD><TD PORT="p1" BGCOLOR="yellow">False</TD></TR> + </TABLE> + </TD></TR> + </TABLE>> + ]; + Con_29 [ label="#4" ]; + Con_30 [ label="#5" ]; + Region31 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_a32 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_a" ]; + Region33 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Region" ]; + Phi_a34 [ style=filled fillcolor=lightyellow label="φ_a" ]; + Return35 [ shape=box style=filled fillcolor=yellow label="Return" ]; + { rank=same; Region21;Phi_a22;} + { rank=same; Region31;Phi_a32;} + { rank=same; Region33;Phi_a34;} + } + node [shape=plaintext]; + subgraph cluster_Scope1_0 { + Scope1_0 [label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="cyan">0</TD><TD PORT="Scope1_0_$ctrl">$ctrl</TD><TD PORT="Scope1_0_arg">arg</TD></TR> + </TABLE>>]; + subgraph cluster_Scope1_1 { + Scope1_1 [label=< + <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0"> + <TR><TD BGCOLOR="cyan">1</TD><TD PORT="Scope1_1_a">a</TD></TR> + </TABLE>>]; + } + } + edge [ fontname=Helvetica, fontsize=8 ]; + Stop3 -> Return35[taillabel=0 color=red]; + EQNode8 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode8 -> Con_7[taillabel=2]; + If9 -> Start2:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If9 -> EQNode8[taillabel=1]; + EQNode14 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode14 -> Con_13[taillabel=2]; + If15 -> If9:p0[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If15 -> EQNode14[taillabel=1]; + Region21 -> If15:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region21 -> If15:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_a22 -> Region21 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_a22 -> Con_19[taillabel=1]; + Phi_a22 -> Con_20[taillabel=2]; + EQNode24 -> Start2:p1[taillabel=1]; + EQNode24 -> Con_23[taillabel=2]; + If25 -> If9:p1[taillabel=0 color=red]; + If25 -> EQNode24[taillabel=1]; + Region31 -> If25:p0[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region31 -> If25:p1[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_a32 -> Region31 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_a32 -> Con_29[taillabel=1]; + Phi_a32 -> Con_30[taillabel=2]; + Region33 -> Region21[taillabel=1 color=red]; + Region33 -> Region31[taillabel=2 color=red]; + Phi_a34 -> Region33 [style=dotted taillabel=0]; + Phi_a34 -> Phi_a22[taillabel=1]; + Phi_a34 -> Phi_a32[taillabel=2]; + Return35 -> Region33[taillabel=0 color=red]; + Return35 -> Phi_a34[taillabel=1]; + edge [style=dashed color=cornflowerblue]; + Scope1_0:"Scope1_0_arg" -> Start2:p1; + Scope1_1:"Scope1_1_a" -> Phi_a34; +} diff --git a/docs/chapter05/05-graph8.svg b/docs/chapter05/05-graph8.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e5310db4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/05-graph8.svg @@ -0,0 +1,430 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.43.0 (0) + --> +<!-- Title: chapter05 Pages: 1 --> +<svg width="774pt" height="664pt" + viewBox="0.00 0.00 774.00 664.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> +<g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 660)"> +<title>chapter05</title> +<polygon fill="white" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-660 770,-660 770,4 -4,4"/> +<g id="clust1" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Nodes</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="8,-8 8,-648 550,-648 550,-8 8,-8"/> +</g> +<g id="clust5" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Scope1_0</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="558,-72 558,-140 758,-140 758,-72 558,-72"/> +</g> +<g id="clust6" class="cluster"> +<title>cluster_Scope1_1</title> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="566,-80 566,-132 636,-132 636,-80 566,-80"/> +</g> +<!-- Start2 --> +<g id="node1" class="node"> +<title>Start2</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="190,-611 190,-636 271,-636 271,-611 190,-611"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="190,-611 190,-636 271,-636 271,-611 190,-611"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="212" y="-619.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Start</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="190,-580 190,-611 271,-611 271,-580 190,-580"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="195,-585 195,-606 235,-606 235,-585 195,-585"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="195,-585 195,-606 235,-606 235,-585 195,-585"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="198" y="-591.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">$ctrl</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="235,-585 235,-606 266,-606 266,-585 235,-585"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="238" y="-591.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">arg</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3 --> +<g id="node2" class="node"> +<title>Stop3</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="286,-52 232,-52 232,-16 286,-16 286,-52"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="259" y="-30.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Stop</text> +</g> +<!-- Return35 --> +<g id="node22" class="node"> +<title>Return35</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="292,-124 226,-124 226,-88 292,-88 292,-124"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="259" y="-102.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Return</text> +</g> +<!-- Stop3->Return35 --> +<g id="edge1" class="edge"> +<title>Stop3->Return35</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M259,-52.3C259,-60.02 259,-69.29 259,-77.89"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="255.5,-77.9 259,-87.9 262.5,-77.9 255.5,-77.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="256" y="-54.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_7 --> +<g id="node3" class="node"> +<title>Con_7</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="136" cy="-608" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="136" y="-604.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8 --> +<g id="node4" class="node"> +<title>EQNode8</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="169" cy="-522" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="169" y="-518.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8->Start2 --> +<g id="edge2" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode8->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M190.12,-533.69C209.67,-544.17 237.18,-560.54 247.18,-574.44"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="244.04,-576.01 251,-584 250.54,-573.42 244.04,-576.01"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="187.12" y="-536.29" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode8->Con_7 --> +<g id="edge3" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode8->Con_7</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M162.48,-539.6C157.87,-551.33 151.59,-567.3 146.31,-580.76"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="142.91,-579.85 142.51,-590.44 149.42,-582.41 142.91,-579.85"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="159.48" y="-542.2" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If9 --> +<g id="node5" class="node"> +<title>If9</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="124,-439 124,-464 218,-464 218,-439 124,-439"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="124,-439 124,-464 218,-464 218,-439 124,-439"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="165.5" y="-447.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="124,-408 124,-439 218,-439 218,-408 124,-408"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="129,-413 129,-434 169,-434 169,-413 129,-413"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="129,-413 129,-434 169,-434 169,-413 129,-413"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="132" y="-419.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="169,-413 169,-434 213,-434 213,-413 169,-413"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="169,-413 169,-434 213,-434 213,-413 169,-413"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="172" y="-419.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If9->Start2 --> +<g id="edge4" class="edge"> +<title>If9->Start2:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M189.59,-468.09C195.4,-479.09 201.26,-491.78 205,-504 214.42,-534.78 214.99,-545.9 215,-573.83"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="211.5,-574 215,-584 218.5,-574 211.5,-574"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="186.59" y="-470.69" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If9->EQNode8 --> +<g id="edge5" class="edge"> +<title>If9->EQNode8</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M170.26,-468.28C170.06,-476.58 169.85,-485.48 169.65,-493.56"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="166.15,-493.51 169.41,-503.6 173.15,-493.68 166.15,-493.51"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="167.26" y="-470.88" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_13 --> +<g id="node6" class="node"> +<title>Con_13</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="71" cy="-522" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="71" y="-518.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode14 --> +<g id="node7" class="node"> +<title>EQNode14</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="71" cy="-436" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="71" y="-432.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode14->Start2 --> +<g id="edge6" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode14->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M79.96,-453.18C95.23,-480.56 125.41,-533.7 133,-540 173.12,-573.31 240.9,-534.16 249.98,-573.92"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="246.51,-574.4 251,-584 253.48,-573.7 246.51,-574.4"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="76.96" y="-455.78" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode14->Con_13 --> +<g id="edge7" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode14->Con_13</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M71,-454.4C71,-465.74 71,-480.77 71,-493.68"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="67.5,-493.9 71,-503.9 74.5,-493.9 67.5,-493.9"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="68" y="-457" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If15 --> +<g id="node8" class="node"> +<title>If15</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="24,-339 24,-364 118,-364 118,-339 24,-339"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-339 24,-364 118,-364 118,-339 24,-339"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="65.5" y="-347.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="24,-308 24,-339 118,-339 118,-308 24,-308"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="29,-313 29,-334 69,-334 69,-313 29,-313"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="29,-313 29,-334 69,-334 69,-313 29,-313"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="32" y="-319.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="69,-313 69,-334 113,-334 113,-313 69,-313"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="69,-313 69,-334 113,-334 113,-313 69,-313"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="72" y="-319.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If15->If9 --> +<g id="edge8" class="edge"> +<title>If15->If9:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M88.21,-368.05C98.39,-385.75 110.98,-406.4 119.78,-416.61"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="117.96,-419.62 128,-423 122.25,-414.1 117.96,-419.62"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="85.21" y="-370.65" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If15->EQNode14 --> +<g id="edge9" class="edge"> +<title>If15->EQNode14</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M71,-368.01C71,-380.76 71,-395.4 71,-407.73"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="67.5,-407.87 71,-417.87 74.5,-407.87 67.5,-407.87"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="68" y="-370.61" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_19 --> +<g id="node9" class="node"> +<title>Con_19</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="443" cy="-336" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="443" y="-332.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#2</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_20 --> +<g id="node10" class="node"> +<title>Con_20</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="515" cy="-336" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="515" y="-332.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- Region21 --> +<g id="node11" class="node"> +<title>Region21</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="147,-268 81,-268 81,-232 147,-232 147,-268"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="114" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region21->If15 --> +<g id="edge10" class="edge"> +<title>Region21->If15:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M80.74,-267.13C67.62,-275.57 54.67,-287.24 50.44,-301.92"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="46.94,-301.61 49,-312 53.87,-302.59 46.94,-301.61"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="77.74" y="-260.73" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region21->If15 --> +<g id="edge11" class="edge"> +<title>Region21->If15:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M103.71,-268.24C98.93,-277.52 93.86,-289.54 91.87,-301.76"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="88.36,-301.74 91,-312 95.34,-302.33 88.36,-301.74"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="100.71" y="-270.84" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a22 --> +<g id="node12" class="node"> +<title>Phi_a22</title> +<ellipse fill="lightyellow" stroke="black" cx="407" cy="-250" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="407" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">φ_a</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a22->Con_19 --> +<g id="edge13" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a22->Con_19</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M414.11,-267.6C419.19,-279.45 426.12,-295.62 431.92,-309.15"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="428.75,-310.63 435.9,-318.44 435.18,-307.87 428.75,-310.63"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="411.11" y="-270.2" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a22->Con_20 --> +<g id="edge14" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a22->Con_20</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M425.04,-263.7C439.78,-274.21 461.03,-289.69 479,-304 483.17,-307.32 487.52,-310.94 491.71,-314.49"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="489.59,-317.28 499.45,-321.15 494.15,-311.98 489.59,-317.28"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="422.04" y="-266.3" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- Phi_a22->Region21 --> +<g id="edge12" class="edge"> +<title>Phi_a22->Region21</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-dasharray="1,5" d="M386.5,-238C370.6,-229.42 347.68,-218.6 326,-214 265.57,-201.18 247.16,-199.97 187,-214 175.19,-216.75 163.08,-221.71 152.22,-227.08"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="150.28,-224.14 143.03,-231.86 153.51,-230.35 150.28,-224.14"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="383.5" y="-231.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_23 --> +<g id="node13" class="node"> +<title>Con_23</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="297" cy="-522" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="297" y="-518.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#3</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode24 --> +<g id="node14" class="node"> +<title>EQNode24</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="271" cy="-436" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="271" y="-432.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">==</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode24->Start2 --> +<g id="edge15" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode24->Start2:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M267.14,-454.1C261.74,-479.48 252.43,-528.98 251.15,-573.9"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="247.65,-573.95 251,-584 254.65,-574.05 247.65,-573.95"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="264.14" y="-456.7" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- EQNode24->Con_23 --> +<g id="edge16" class="edge"> +<title>EQNode24->Con_23</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M276.26,-454C279.88,-465.69 284.76,-481.44 288.87,-494.73"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="285.53,-495.8 291.84,-504.31 292.22,-493.73 285.53,-495.8"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="273.26" y="-456.6" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">2</text> +</g> +<!-- If25 --> +<g id="node15" class="node"> +<title>If25</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="152,-339 152,-364 246,-364 246,-339 152,-339"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="152,-339 152,-364 246,-364 246,-339 152,-339"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="193.5" y="-347.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">If</text> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="152,-308 152,-339 246,-339 246,-308 152,-308"/> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="157,-313 157,-334 197,-334 197,-313 157,-313"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="157,-313 157,-334 197,-334 197,-313 157,-313"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="160" y="-319.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">True</text> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="transparent" points="197,-313 197,-334 241,-334 241,-313 197,-313"/> +<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="197,-313 197,-334 241,-334 241,-313 197,-313"/> +<text text-anchor="start" x="200" y="-319.8" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">False</text> +</g> +<!-- If25->If9 --> +<g id="edge17" class="edge"> +<title>If25->If9:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M194.16,-368.3C192.87,-378.58 191.7,-390.29 191.23,-401.68"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="187.72,-401.93 191,-412 194.72,-402.08 187.72,-401.93"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="191.16" y="-370.9" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">0</text> +</g> +<!-- If25->EQNode24 --> +<g id="edge18" class="edge"> +<title>If25->EQNode24</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M221.78,-368.01C232.02,-381.95 243.93,-398.15 253.46,-411.12"/> +<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="250.89,-413.54 259.63,-419.53 256.53,-409.39 250.89,-413.54"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="218.78" y="-370.61" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_29 --> +<g id="node16" class="node"> +<title>Con_29</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="299" cy="-336" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="299" y="-332.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#4</text> +</g> +<!-- Con_30 --> +<g id="node17" class="node"> +<title>Con_30</title> +<ellipse fill="none" stroke="black" cx="371" cy="-336" rx="27" ry="18"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="371" y="-332.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">#5</text> +</g> +<!-- Region31 --> +<g id="node18" class="node"> +<title>Region31</title> +<polygon fill="yellow" stroke="black" points="253,-268 187,-268 187,-232 253,-232 253,-268"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="220" y="-246.3" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Region</text> +</g> +<!-- Region31->If25 --> +<g id="edge19" class="edge"> +<title>Region31->If25:p0</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M199.51,-268.03C190.68,-276.94 181.63,-288.71 178.32,-301.78"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="174.81,-301.63 177,-312 181.75,-302.53 174.81,-301.63"/> +<text text-anchor="middle" x="196.51" y="-270.63" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="8.00">1</text> +</g> +<!-- Region31->If25 --> +<g id="edge20" class="edge"> +<title>Region31->If25:p1</title> +<path fill="none" stroke="red" d="M219.57,-268.09C219.36,-277.55 219.13,-289.77 219.04,-301.69"/> +<polygon fill="red" stroke="red" points="215.54,-301.99 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/chapter05/Makefile b/docs/chapter05/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000..12659b8f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +GV := $(wildcard *.gv) +SVG := $(patsubst %.gv,%.svg,$(GV)) + +.PHONY: all +all: $(SVG) + +%.svg: %.gv + dot -Tsvg $< > $@ + +.PHONY: clean +clean: + @rm -f $(SVG) diff --git a/docs/chapter05/README.md b/docs/chapter05/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9729e6a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/chapter05/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@ +# Chapter 5: If Statement, Phi, and Region + +In this chapter we extend the language grammar with the following features: + +* We introduce the `if` statement. +* To support splitting of control flow and merging, we introduce new nodes: `Region` and `Phi`. +* Since we can now have multiple return points, we also introduce the `Stop` node as the termination. + +Here is the [complete language grammar](05-grammar.md) for this chapter. + +You can also read [this chapter](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/tree/linear-chapter05) in a linear Git revision history on the [linear](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/tree/linear) branch and [compare](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/compare/linear-chapter04...linear-chapter05) it to the previous chapter. + +## Recap + +Here is a recap of the nodes introduced in previous chapters: + +| Node Name | Type | Chapter | Description | Inputs | Value | +|-----------|----------------|---------|------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| Multi | Abstract class | 4 | A node that has a tuple result | | A tuple | +| Start | Control | 1 | Start of function, now a MultiNode | | A tuple with a ctrl token and an `arg` data node | +| Proj | Data | 4 | Projection nodes extract values from MultiNode | A MultiNode and index | Result is the extracted value from the input MultiNode at offset index | +| Bool | Data | 4 | Represents results of a comparison operator | Two data nodes | Result is a comparison, represented as integer value where 1=true, 0=false | +| Not | Data | 4 | Logical not | One data node | Result converts 0 to 1 and vice versa | +| Return | Control | 1 | End of function | Predecessor control node and a data node for the return value of the function | Return value of the function | +| Constant | Data | 1 | Represents constants such as integer literals | None, however Start node is set as input to enable graph walking | Value of the constant | +| Add | Data | 2 | Add two values | Two data nodes without restrictions on the order | Result of the add operation | +| Sub | Data | 2 | Subtract a value from another | Two data nodes, the first one is subtracted by the second one | Result of the subtraction | +| Mul | Data | 2 | Multiply two values | Two data nodes without restrictions on the order | Result of the multiplication | +| Div | Data | 2 | Divide a value by another | Two data nodes, the first one is divided by the second one | Result of the division | +| Minus | Data | 2 | Negate a value | One data node which value is negated | Result of the negation | +| Scope | Symbol Table | 3 | Represents scopes in the graph | Nodes that represent the current value of variables | None | + +## New Nodes + +The following new nodes are introduced in this chapter: + +| Node Name | Type | Chapter | Description | Inputs | Value | +|-----------|---------|---------|----------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------| +| If | Control | 5 | A branching test, sub type of `MultiNode` | A control node and a data predicate node | A tuple of two values: one for true, one for false | +| Region | Control | 5 | A merge point for multiple control flows | An input for each control flow that is merging | Merged control | +| Phi | Data | 5 | A phi function picks a value based on control flow | A Region, and data nodes for each control path | Depends on control flow path taken | +| Stop | Control | 5 | Termination of the program | All return nodes of the function | None | + +#### `IfNode` + +`If` node takes in both control and data (predicate expression) and routes the +control token to one of the two control flows, represented by true and false +`Proj` nodes. + +#### `PhiNode` + +A `Phi` reads in both data and control, and outputs a data value. The control +input to the `Phi` points to a `Region` node. The data inputs to the `Phi` are +one for each of the control inputs to that `Region`. The result computed by a +`Phi` depends both on the data and the matching control input. At most one +control input to the `Region` can be active at a time, and the `Phi` passes +through the data value from the matching input.[^1] + +#### `RegionNode` + +In this Sea of Nodes, there is an embedded Control Flow Graph - and like a +normal CFG there are merge points where two basic blocks flow into one. The +`Region` node takes control from each predecessor control (block) as input and +produces a merged control as an output.[^2] + +Both `Return` and `If` take control in slot 0. `PhiNode`s need their +corresponding `RegionNode` to know when to merge data values, so again slot 0 +is set, and data values show up in slots 1 and onward. `RegionNode`s keep +their control inputs in sync with `PhiNode`s, so again their control inputs show up +in slots 1 and onward. + +#### We do not associate a control edge on every data node in the graph + +If we want to track the basic block a normal instruction is in, we will set the +control input (always slot 0) to some control-producing Node. Typically we do +not need to (nor want to) track this - so control is `null` for most data ops. +The correctness of such a data op is solely determined by the remaining data +dependencies. It, and the Nodes that depend on it or on which it depends, +exists in a “sea” of Nodes, with little control structure. + +The “sea” of Nodes is useful for optimization, but does not represent any +traditional intermediate representation such as a CFG. We need a way to +serialize the graph and get back the control dependences. We do this with a +simple global code motion algorithm.[^3] + +#### `Stop` Nodes +`StopNode`s only have `ReturnNode` inputs. They mark the program termination. + + + +## Parsing an `if` Statement + +When we parse an `if` statement, the control flow splits at that point. We +must track the names being updated in each part of the `if` statement, and then +merge them at the end. The implementation follows the description in *Combining Analyses, Combining Optimizations*[^4]. + +This involves following: + +1. We create an `IfNode` with the current control token, i.e. the node mapped to + `$ctrl`, and the `if` predicate expression as inputs. +2. We add two `ProjNodes` - one for the `True` branch (call it `ifT`), and the + other for the `False` branch (call it `ifF`) - these extract values from the + tuple result of the `IfNode`. +3. We duplicate the current `ScopeNode`. The duplicated `ScopeNode` contains + all the same symbol tables as the original, and has the same edges. +4. We set the control token to the `True` projection node `ifT`, and parse the true + branch of the `if` statement. +5. We set the duplicated `ScopeNode` as the current one. +6. The control token is set to the `False` projection node `ifF`, and if there is an + `else` statement we parse it. +7. At this point we have two `ScopeNode`s; the original one, potentially updated + by the `True` branch, and the duplicate one, potentially updated by the + `False` branch. +8. We create a `Region` node to represent a merge point. +9. We *merge* the two `ScopeNode`s. We create `Phi` nodes for any names whose + bindings differ. The `Phi` nodes take the `Region` node as the control input + and the two data nodes from each of the `ScopeNode`s. The name binding is + updated to point to the `Phi` node. +10. Finally, we set the `Region` node as the control token, and discard the duplicated `ScopeNode`. + +Implementation is in [`parseIf` method in `Parser`](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/blob/main/chapter05/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/Parser.java#L149-L185). + +## Operations on ScopeNodes + +As explained above, we duplicate ScopeNodes and merge them at a later point. There are some +subtleties in how this is implemented that is worth going over. + +### Duplicating a ScopeNode + +Below is the code for duplicating a ScopeNode. + +Our goals are: +1) Duplicate the name bindings across all stack levels +2) Make the new ScopeNode a user of all the bound nodes +3) Ensure that the order of defs in the duplicate is the same to allow easy merging + +For implementation [see `scopeNode.dup()`](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/blob/main/chapter05/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/ScopeNode.java#L142-L154) + +### Merging two ScopeNodes + +At the merge point we merge two ScopeNodes. The goals are: + +1) Merge names whose bindings have changed between the two nodes. For each such name, a Phi node is created, referencing the two original data nodes. +2) A new Region node is created representing the merged control flow. The phis have this region node as the first input. +3) After the merge is completed, the duplicate is discarded, and its use of each of the nodes is also deleted. + +The merging logic takes advantage of that fact that the two ScopeNodes have the bound nodes in the same order in the list of inputs. This was ensured during duplicating the ScopeNode. +Although only the innermost occurrence of a name can have its binding changed, we scan all the nodes in our input list, and simply ignore ones where the binding has not changed. + +For implementation [see `ScopeNode.mergeScopes()`](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/blob/main/chapter05/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/ScopeNode.java#L164-L173) + + +## Example #1 + +We show the graph for the following code snippet: +```java +int a = 1; +if (arg == 1) + a = arg+2; +else + a = arg-3; +return a; +``` + +### Before Merging + +Following shows the graph just before we merge the two branches of the `if` statement in a `Region` node. + + + +Note the two `ScopeNode`s in the graph. +One has its `$ctrl` pointing to the `True` projection, while the other has `$ctrl` pointing to `False` projection. +The variable `a` is bound to the `Add` node in the `True` branch, whereas it is bound to the `Sub` node in the `False` branch. +Thus `a` will need a `Phi` node when merging the two scopes. + +### After Merging + +Below is the graph after we created a `Region` node and merged the two definitions of `a` in a `Phi` node. + + + +The duplicate `ScopeNode` has been discarded and was merged into the other one. +Since `a` had two different definitions in both scopes a `Phi` node was created and is now referenced from `a`. +The `Phi` node's inputs are the `Region` node and the `Add` node from the `True` branch, and `Sub` node from the `False` branch. + +### Finally + +Here is the graph after the `return` statement was parsed and processed. + + + + + +## Example #2 + +Consider the following code snippet: +```java +int b = 0; +int c = 0; +if (arg == 1) { + b = 2; + c = 1; +} +else { + b = 1; +} +return b; +``` + +The value of `b` depends on which path the control flow took. +To resolve this, a Φ (Phi) function is inserted. + +``` +b = Phi(Region,2, 1); // values vary +c = Phi(Region,1, 0); // valuse vary, but dead +``` + +The `Phi` for `c` will die when the scope where `c` is defined dies. This does +not happen when merging but after the `return`. `return` is using `b` so `b` +stays alive. + +Before, we go ahead and parse down the if statement we duplicate the scope: +```java +ScopeNode fScope = _scope.dup(); +/* Scope[$ctrl:$ctrl, arg:arg][b:0, c:0]*/ +``` + +We then will proceed and parse down the first branch of the if statement: +```java +// Parse the true side +ctrl(ifT); // set ctrl token to ifTrue projection +parseStatement(); // Parse true-side +ScopeNode tScope = _scope; + +/* Scope[$ctrl:True, arg:arg][b:2, c:1]*/ +``` + +Notice, this branch modified and set a new value for both symbols currently existing in the symbol table. +Now, we set the scope back to where we started (without the modifications that `ifT` made) + +```java +_scope = fScope; +``` + +We then will proceed and parse down the second branch of the if statement: +```java +if (matchx("else")) { + parseStatement(); + fScope = _scope; + + /* Scope[$ctrl:False, arg:arg][b:1, c:0]*/ +} +``` + +This branch modified the values of `b` and `c`. Since the branch arms are also +lexical scopes, they cannot introduce new symbols in the current (outer) scope. +This means that the order of the name bindings stayed the same. Excluding the +first control node, we loop through and compare the nodes corresponding to the +same name binding to see if the nodes are different, if so we create a phi node +representing this conflict: + +```java + /* in(i); 2 */ + /* that.in(i); 1 */ + if( in(i) != that.in(i) ) // No need for redundant Phis + setDef(i, new PhiNode(ns[i], r, in(i), that.in(i)).peephole()); +``` + + + + + +## Example #3 + +Phi's implement a peephole illustrated in the example: + +```java +int a=arg==2; +if( arg==1 ) +{ + a=arg==3; +} +return a; +``` + +Pre-peephole we have: + + + +Post-peephole: + + + +The common operator was pulled out and the Phi node only got applied to the +operands. Notice how only the second operand of the `==` changes, the first +one stays the same (`arg`). The implementation is in +[`PhiNode.idealize()`](https://github.com/SeaOfNodes/Simple/blob/main/chapter05/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/PhiNode.java#L31-L71) + + +## More examples +```java +int c = 3; +int b = 2; +if (arg == 1) { + b = 3; + c = 4; +} +return c; +``` + + + +```java +int a=arg+1; +int b=arg+2; +if( arg==1 ) + b=b+a; +else + a=b+1; +return a+b; +``` + + + +```java +int a=1; +if( arg==1 ) + if( arg==2 ) + a=2; + else + a=3; +else if( arg==3 ) + a=4; +else + a=5; +return a; +``` + + + + + +[^1]: Click, C. (1995). + Combining Analyses, Combining Optimizations, 132. + +[^2]: Click, C. (1995). + Combining Analyses, Combining Optimizations, 129. + +[^3]: Click, C. (1995). + Combining Analyses, Combining Optimizations, 86. + +[^4]: Click, C. (1995). + Combining Analyses, Combining Optimizations, 102-103. |
