From d32f97238c903765dec4e9a9f3cbfa5fd12cded6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Cliff Click <cliffc@acm.org>
Date: Mon, 10 Aug 2026 11:11:18 -0700
Subject: Chapter 25: Modules, Separate Compilation, and SSA Construction

Co-authored-by: Hsiang-Ying Fu <66062782+fuhsnn@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: fuhsnn <66062782+fuhsnn@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Symious <14933944+symious@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jun Kawasaki <jun784@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../com/seaofnodes/simple/node/MemMergeNode.java   | 191 +++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 123 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)

(limited to 'src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/MemMergeNode.java')

diff --git a/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/MemMergeNode.java b/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/MemMergeNode.java
index 7a329117..dfe8794d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/MemMergeNode.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/seaofnodes/simple/node/MemMergeNode.java
@@ -4,99 +4,154 @@ import com.seaofnodes.print.ExprPrinter;
 
 import com.seaofnodes.simple.*;
 import com.seaofnodes.simple.codegen.CodeGen;
+import com.seaofnodes.simple.util.BAOS;
 import com.seaofnodes.simple.type.*;
+import com.seaofnodes.simple.util.Utils;
+
 import java.util.*;
 
-/** A default slice and explicit alias overrides. A null default means partial
- *  memory: absent aliases are not covered, rather than having unknown contents.
+/**
+ *  Memory Merge - a merge of many aliases into a "fat memory".  All aliases
+ *  are here, but most will be lazy - take the default fat memory.
  */
 public class MemMergeNode extends Node {
-    public MemMergeNode(MemMergeNode mem) { super(mem); }
 
-    public MemMergeNode(Node bulk) { super(null,bulk); _type = TypeMem.BOT; }
-    public MemMergeNode(Node bulk, int alias, Node precise) {
-        this(bulk);
-        alias(alias,precise);
-    }
-    public Node alias(int alias) {
-        Node n = alias < nIns() ? in(alias) : null;
-        assert n!=null || !(in(1) instanceof BulkMemPhiNode bulk) || !bulk.isSplit(alias);
-        n = n==null ? in(1) : n;
-        assert n!=null : "Alias not covered: "+alias;
-        return n;
-    }
+    public MemMergeNode( Node ...nodes) { super(nodes); _type = TypeMem.BOT; }
+    public MemMergeNode(MemMergeNode mem) { super(mem); }
+    @Override public Tag serialTag() { return Tag.MemMerge; }
+    public void packed( BAOS baos, HashMap<String,Integer> strs, HashMap<Type,Integer> types, IdentityHashMap<Node, Integer> anodes ) { baos.packed1(nIns()); }
+    static Node make( BAOS bais )  { Node mem = new MemMergeNode(); mem.setDefX(bais.packed1()-1,null); return mem; }
 
-    public void alias(int alias, Node mem) {
-        assert alias > 1;
-        while( nIns()<=alias ) addDef(null);
-        setDef(alias,mem);
-    }
+    @Override public String label() { return "ALLMEM"; }
+    @Override public boolean isMem() { return true; }
 
-    // Scalar contents of one alias. New zeroes the allocated fields;
-    // join it with the incoming contents for all previously allocated objects.
-    // Phis use their cached types, so this query does not recurse around loops.
-    static Type contents(Node mem, int alias, Node dep) {
-        // A loop memory Phi can also be a user of the querying Store.
-        // Its type changing still needs to revisit this query.
-        dep.addDepForwards(mem);
-        if( mem instanceof CastNode cast ) return contents(cast.in(1),alias,dep);
-        if( mem instanceof MemMergeNode merge )
-            return contents(merge.alias(alias),alias,dep);
-        if( mem instanceof ProjNode proj && proj.in(0) instanceof NewNode nnn ) {
-            assert proj._idx==1 && nnn.field(alias)!=null;
-            dep.addDep(nnn);
-            if( dep.addDep(nnn.in(0))._type.isHigh() ) return Type.TOP;
-            return contents(nnn.mem(),alias,dep).meet(nnn.field(alias)._t.makeZero());
+    @Override
+    protected ExprPrinter<Node> _print1(ExprPrinter<Node> p) {
+        p.p("MEM[ ");
+        for( int j=2; j<nIns(); j++ ) {
+            p.p(j);
+            p.p(":");
+            Node n = in(j);
+            while( n instanceof ScopeNode loop ) {
+                p.p("Lazy_");
+                n = loop.mem();
+            }
+            if( n==null ) p.p("___ ");
+            else p.n(n).p(" ");
         }
-        // Function parameters and call results may contain arbitrary heap values.
-        // Their bulk memory types do not imply empty or zero-filled storage.
-        if( mem._type==Type.TOP || mem._type==TypeMem.TOP ) return Type.TOP;
-        if( mem._type instanceof TypeMem mt && mt._alias==alias ) return mt._t;
-        return Type.BOTTOM;
+        return p.unchar(' ').p("]");
     }
 
-    @Override public String label() { return "MemMerge"; }
-    @Override public boolean isMem() { return true; }
-    @Override protected ExprPrinter<Node> _print1(ExprPrinter<Node> p) {
-        p.p("MEM[");
-        for( int i=1; i<nIns(); i++ )
-            if( in(i)!=null ) {
-                p.p(i==1 ? "default:" : i+":");
-                p.n(in(i)).p(" ");
+
+    @Override public Type compute() {
+        Type tmem = in(1)._type;
+        if( !(tmem instanceof TypeMem defmem) )
+            // A MemMerge is structurally memory even while its default input
+            // is a weak, not-yet-specialized Phi.
+            return tmem.isHigh() ? TypeMem.TOP : TypeMem.BOT;
+        // Is this a single private instance memory?
+        if( defmem._one ) {
+            if( !(defmem._t instanceof TypeStruct ts) )
+                return defmem;
+            // Perfect singleton memory, so all updates are parallel and
+            // independent and stack.
+            for( int i=2; i<nIns(); i++ ) {
+                Node in = in(i);
+                if( in !=null && in._type.isHigh() )
+                    return TypeMem.TOP;
+                if( in instanceof StoreNode st ) {
+                    Type val = ((TypeMem)st._type)._t;
+                    Field old = ts.field(st._name);
+                    // Lazy add an expected field for open structs.
+                    if( old==null )  { assert ts._open;
+                        old = Field.make(st._name,Type.BOTTOM,st._alias,st._init);
+                        ts = ts.add(old);
+                    }
+                    Field fld = old.makeFrom(val);
+                    // TODO: val leaks into perfect singleton memory, along with its fidxs and aliases
+                    ts = ts.replace(fld);
+                }
             }
-        return p.p("]");
-    }
+            return TypeMem.makePrivate(ts);
 
+        }
 
-    @Override public Type compute() {
-        for( Node n : _inputs )
-            if( n != null && !n._type.isHigh() )
-                return TypeMem.BOT;
-        return TypeMem.TOP;
+        // Normal public memory; meet across escaped inputs
+        TypeMem mem = defmem;
+        for( int i=2; i<nIns(); i++ ) {
+            // Has this alias escaped?
+            if( XInt.bit(mem._escAs,i) &&
+                in(i) != null && !in(i)._type.isHigh() ) {
+                mem = (TypeMem)mem.meet(in(i)._type);
+            }
+        }
+        return mem;
     }
 
     @Override public Node idealize() {
+        assert nIns() != 0 && in(1)!=null; // Always have a default.  if( nIns()==0 ) return null;
+
+        // Fold defaults into the default
         boolean progress=false, allDefault=true;
         for( int i=2; i<nIns(); i++ ) {
-            if( in(i) instanceof CastNode cast ) { setDef(i,cast.in(1)); progress=true; }
-            if( in(i)!=null && in(i)==in(1) ) { setDef(i,null); progress=true; }
-            if( in(i) instanceof MemMergeNode mem ) {
-                setDef(i,CodeGen.CODE.add(mem.alias(i)));
-                progress=true;
-            }
-            if( in(i)!=null ) allDefault=false;
+            if( in(1) == in(i) ) { setDef(i,null); progress=true; }
+            else                 { allDefault=false; }
         }
-        if( allDefault && in(1)!=null ) return in(1);
 
+        // If not merging any memory (all memory is just the default)
+        if( allDefault )
+            return in(1);       // Become default memory
+
+        // Collapse stacked merged-mem
         if( in(1) instanceof MemMergeNode mem ) {
-            for( int i=2; i<mem.nIns(); i++ )
-                if( mem.in(i)!=null && (i>=nIns() || in(i)==null) )
-                    alias(i,mem.in(i));
+            // A dead memory cycle can lose its last use when we bypass mem.
+            // Keep the peephole's result alive until the worklist sees it.
+            keep();
+            // Goal is to swap my default mem with mem's default mem
+            for( int i=2; i<mem.nIns(); i++ ) {
+                if( mem.in(i) != null ) {
+                    // deeper default mem has a non-default
+                    if( i>=nIns() || in(i)==null )
+                        setDefX(i,mem.in(i));
+                }
+            }
             CodeGen.CODE.add(mem.in(1));
             setDef(1,mem.in(1));
-            return this;
+            return unkeep();
         }
-        assert BulkMemPhiNode.checkMerge(this);
+
         return progress ? this : null;
     }
+
+
+    public Node in( Var v ) { return in(v._idx); }
+
+    public Node alias( int alias ) {
+        assert !(in(1) instanceof BulkMemPhiNode bulk && bulk.isSplit(alias) &&
+                 (alias >= nIns() || in(alias)==null));
+        return alias < nIns() && in(alias)!=null ? in(alias) : in(1);
+    }
+
+    public Node alias( int alias, Node st ) { return setDefX(alias,st); }
+
+    // Now one-time do a useless-phi removal
+    void _useless( ) {
+        for( int i=1; i<nIns(); i++ ) {
+            if( in(i) instanceof PhiNode phi ) {
+                // Do an eager useless-phi removal
+                Node in = phi.peephole();
+                CodeGen.CODE.addAll(phi._outputs);
+                phi.moveDepsToWorklist();
+                if( in != phi ) {
+                    if( !phi.iskeep() ) // Keeping phi around for parser elsewhere
+                        phi.subsume(in);
+                    setDef(i,in); // Set the update back into Scope
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override public boolean eq( Node n ) {
+        return this==n;
+    }
 }
-- 
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