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# Grammar for Chapter 16
English | [日本語](18-grammar.ja.md)
```antlrv4
grammar SimpleLanguage;
program : block EOF ;
block : statement+ ;
statement
: '{' block '}'
| returnStatement
| ifStatement
| whileStatement
| breakStatement
| continueStatement
| structDeclaration
| expressionStatement
;
returnStatement : 'return' expression ';' ;
ifStatement : 'if' '(' expression ')' statement ('else' statement)? ;
whileStatement : 'while' '(' expression ')' statement ;
breakStatement : 'break' ';' ;
continueStatement : 'continue' ';' ;
structDeclaration : 'struct' IDENTIFIER '{' block '}' ;
expressionStatement
: type IDENTIFIER ';'
| type IDENTIFIER '=' expression ';'
| IDENTIFIER '=' expression ';'
| expression
;
PRIMTYPE
: 'int'
| 'i8'
| 'i16'
| 'i32'
| 'i64'
| 'u8'
| 'u16'
| 'u32'
| 'flt'
| 'f32'
| 'f64'
| 'bool'
;
type
: PRIMTYPE
| typeName '?'?
| typeName nestedArray+
;
nestedArray : '?'? '[]'* ;
typeName : IDENTIFIER ;
expression : bitWiseExpression ;
bitWiseExpression
: comparisonExpression ( '&' | '|' | '^' ) comparisonExpression)*
;
comparisonExpression
: shiftExpression (('==' | '!='| '>'| '<'| '>='| '<=') shiftExpression)*
;
shiftExpression
: additiveExpression ( '<<' | '>>>' | '>>' ) additiveExpression)*
;
additiveExpression
: multiplicativeExpression (('+' | '-') multiplicativeExpression)*
;
multiplicativeExpression
: unaryExpression (('*' | '/') unaryExpression)*
;
unaryExpression
: ('-') unaryExpression
| '!' unaryExpression
| primaryExpression postAssign
;
primaryExpression
: INTEGER_LITERAL
| FLOAT_LITERAL
| '(' expression ')'
| 'true'
| 'false'
| 'null'
| newExpression
| IDENTIFIER
;
newExpression
: 'new' IDENTIFIER [ '{' block '}' ]
| 'new' IDENTIFIER '[' expression ']'
;
postAssign : postFix [ '=' expression ] | [ '#' ];
postFix
: '.' IDENTIFIER postFix
| '[' expression ']' postFix
;
IDENTIFIER : NON_DIGIT (NON_DIGIT | DIGIT)* ;
INTEGER_LITERAL
: [1-9]DIGIT*
| [0]
;
NON_DIGIT: [a-zA-Z_];
DIGIT: [0-9];
```
|
