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+Independent TAS Console Replay Research Group                    V. Grey
+                                                          VG Interactive
+                                                                 Bigbass
+                                                       26 September 2022
+
+
+                TASD File Format Specification Version 1
+                          draft-tasd-v0001-00
+
+Abstract
+
+   The *TASD* file format is used for storing "Tool Assisted Speedrun"
+   or "Tool Assisted Superplay" (TAS) data for TAS replay devices to
+   replay on physical video game console hardware.  The format is
+   defined to be expandable for future needs.  The format is also
+   defined to be parsable by programs that do not understand portions of
+   the format, whether that is due to incomplete support of the format
+   specification or due to new features being added to later versions of
+   the specification at a later date.
+
+   This document defines the file format specification for *TASD* files.
+
+Table of Contents
+
+   1.  Introduction
+     1.1.  Overview and Preliminaries
+       1.1.1.  Notation and Vocabulary
+     1.2.  Motivations
+       1.2.1.  Problems With Existing Formats
+   2.  Header
+   3.  Packets
+     3.1.  Assigned Packet Keys Without Descriptions
+       3.1.1.  General Keys
+       3.1.2.  NES Specific Keys
+       3.1.3.  SNES Specific Keys
+       3.1.4.  Genesis Specific Keys
+       3.1.5.  Input Frame/Timing Keys
+       3.1.6.  Extraneous Keys
+     3.2.  Assigned Packet Keys With Descriptions
+       3.2.1.  General Key Descriptions
+       3.2.2.  NES Specific Key Descriptions
+       3.2.3.  SNES Specific Key Descriptions
+       3.2.4.  Genesis Specific Key Descriptions
+       3.2.5.  Input Frame/Timing Key Descriptions
+       3.2.6.  Extraneous Key Descriptions
+     3.3.  Packet Payload Formats
+       3.3.1.  General Key Payload Formats
+         3.3.1.1.  CONSOLE_TYPE Packet
+         3.3.1.2.  CONSOLE_REGION Packet
+         3.3.1.3.  GAME_TITLE Packet
+         3.3.1.4.  ROM_NAME Packet
+         3.3.1.5.  ATTRIBUTION Packet
+         3.3.1.6.  CATEGORY Packet
+         3.3.1.7.  EMULATOR_NAME Packet
+         3.3.1.8.  EMULATOR_VERSION Packet
+         3.3.1.9.  EMULATOR_CORE Packet
+         3.3.1.10. TAS_LAST_MODIFIED Packet
+         3.3.1.11. DUMP_CREATED Packet
+         3.3.1.12. DUMP_LAST_MODIFIED Packet
+         3.3.1.13. TOTAL_FRAMES Packet
+         3.3.1.14. RERECORDS Packet
+         3.3.1.15. SOURCE_LINK Packet
+         3.3.1.16. BLANK_FRAMES Packet
+         3.3.1.17. VERIFIED Packet
+         3.3.1.18. MEMORY_INIT Packet
+         3.3.1.19. GAME_IDENTIFIER Packet
+         3.3.1.20. MOVIE_LICENSE Packet
+         3.3.1.21. MOVIE_FILE Packet
+         3.3.1.22. PORT_CONTROLLER Packet
+       3.3.2.  NES Specific Key Payload Formats
+         3.3.2.1.  NES_LATCH_FILTER Packet
+         3.3.2.2.  NES_CLOCK_FILTER Packet
+         3.3.2.3.  NES_OVERREAD Packet
+         3.3.2.4.  NES_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet
+       3.3.3.  SNES Specific Key Payload Formats
+         3.3.3.1.  SNES_CLOCK_FILTER Packet
+         3.3.3.2.  SNES_OVERREAD Packet
+         3.3.3.3.  SNES_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet
+         3.3.3.4.  SNES_LATCH_TRAIN Packet (RESERVED)
+       3.3.4.  Genesis Specific Key Payload Formats
+         3.3.4.1.  GENESIS_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet
+       3.3.5.  Input Frame/Timing Key Payload Formats
+         3.3.5.1.  INPUT_CHUNK Packet
+         3.3.5.2.  INPUT_MOMENT Packet
+         3.3.5.3.  TRANSITION Packet
+         3.3.5.4.  LAG_FRAME_CHUNK Packet
+         3.3.5.5.  MOVIE_TRANSITION
+       3.3.6.  Extraneous Key Payload Formats
+         3.3.6.1.  COMMENT Packet
+         3.3.6.2.  EXPERIMENTAL Packet
+         3.3.6.3.  UNSPECIFIED Packet
+   4.  Controller Input Formats
+     4.1.  NES/Famicom Controller Types
+       4.1.1.  NES Standard Controller
+       4.1.2.  NES Four Score
+     4.2.  SNES Controller Types
+       4.2.1.  SNES Standard Controller
+       4.2.2.  SNES Mouse
+     4.3.  N64 Controller Types
+       4.3.1.  N64 Standard Controller
+       4.3.2.  N64 Standard Controller with Rumble
+       4.3.3.  N64 Standard Controller with Controller Pak
+       4.3.4.  N64 Standard Controller with Transfer Pak
+       4.3.5.  N64 Mouse
+       4.3.6.  N64 Densha de Go
+     4.4.  GameCube Controller Types
+       4.4.1.  GameCube Standard Controller
+     4.5.  Game Boy Controller Types
+       4.5.1.  GB Standard Controller
+     4.6.  Game Boy Color Controller Types
+       4.6.1.  GBC Standard Controller
+     4.7.  Game Boy Advance Controller Types
+       4.7.1.  GBA Standard Controller
+     4.8.  Genesis Controller Types
+       4.8.1.  Genesis (Mega Drive) 3-Button
+       4.8.2.  Genesis (Mega Drive) 6-Button
+     4.9.  Atari 2600 Controller Types
+       4.9.1.  A2600 Joystick
+       4.9.2.  A2600 Keyboard Controller
+   5.  References
+     5.1.  Normative References
+   Copyright Notice
+   Authors' Addresses
+
+1.  Introduction
+
+   The Tool Assisted Speedrun Dump (*TASD*) interchange format is a file
+   format for storing data to allow "Tool Assisted Speedruns" or "Tool
+   Assited Superplays" to be played on physical video game console
+   hardware using TAS replay devices.  Created to be hardware and
+   software agnostic, the *TASD* interchange format uses a key-based,
+   binary, packet format to break up pieces of information into easily-
+   parsable and forward-compatible chunks.  The format is extensible by
+   simply defining additional keys or value types as necessary.  When
+   parsing the file, software can skip any packets whose key is unknown
+   or unsupported.
+
+   Keys can be used multiple times or completely omitted as needed.
+   This reusability eliminates the need of a predefined delimiter to
+   separate pieces of data such as a list of TAS authors.
+
+   While files generated by emulator dump scripts should provide as much
+   information as possible, because keys are optional, the file can be
+   expanded later with any additional data as desired.  No intermediary
+   file format is necessary.
+
+1.1.  Overview and Preliminaries
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
+   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
+   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
+   capitals, as shown here.
+
+1.1.1.  Notation and Vocabulary
+
+   Data Types:
+
+      (S) = String
+      (A) = Binary Data
+      (I) = Signed Integer
+      (N) = Unsigned Integer
+      (B) = Boolean
+
+   We use the terms *byte* and *octet* interchangeably in this document.
+
+   Unless specified otherwise, all multi-octet integers are big-endian.
+
+   We use the terms *Tool Assisted Speedrun*, *Tool Assisted Superplay*
+   and *TAS* interchangeably in this document.
+
+   In subsections of (Section 3.2), the term "in direct form" is used.
+   That term is defined to mean a packet in a *TASD* file directly
+   (first order packet) rather than a packet inside a TRANSITION or
+   MOVIE_TRANSITION packet (second order packet).
+
+   String values MUST use UTF-8 encoding.  If an example of a string
+   value is given, the example will be between quotation marks.  The
+   quotation marks are not included in the string.  Not all content
+   between quotations will be string value examples, so be aware of that
+   when continuing through this document.
+
+   Unsigned and signed integers can have different bit widths.  For
+   instance, an 8-bit integer can be used in one part of the
+   specification and a 64-bit integer can be used in another part of the
+   specification.
+
+   Boolean values MUST be a single octet with the value of 0 for *FALSE*
+   or 1 for *TRUE*.
+
+   [N octets]  A sequence of octets with a length of N
+
+   [00 7F FF]  A sequence of octets 00, 7F, and FF in that order.
+
+   *0-indexed*  When counting sequentially, start counting at 0.
+
+   *1-indexed*  When counting sequentially, start counting at 1.
+
+   In packet diagrams, a single octet is represented with a box like
+   this:
+
+         +-----+
+         | Var | <-- Vertical bars MAY be missing
+         +-----+
+
+      *Var* is a variable name.
+
+   In packet diagrams, an arbitrary number of octets are represented
+   with a box like this:
+
+         +=====+
+         | Var |
+         +=====+
+
+      *Var* is a variable name.
+
+   In packet diagrams, boxes can be connected like these examples:
+
+         +-----------+-----------+
+         | Var 1 (B) | Var 2 (I) |
+         +-----------+-----------+
+
+      In this example, *Var 1* is a 1 octet long boolean value and *Var
+      2* is a 1 octet long signed integer.
+
+         +-----+-----+===========+
+         | Var 1 (N) | Var 2 (S) |
+         +-----+-----+===========+
+
+      In this example, *Var 1* is a 2 octet long unsigned integer and
+      *Var 2* is an arbitrary octet length string.
+
+   In packet diagrams, boxes MAY have relative offset values above them
+   like in the following example:
+
+            0     1       2...
+         +-----+-----+===========+
+         | Var 1 (N) | Var 2 (S) |
+         +-----+-----+===========+
+
+      In this example, *Var 1* is a 2 octet long unsigned integer and
+      *Var 2* is an arbitrary octet length string.
+
+   Packet diagrams MAY be split into multiple lined sections like in the
+   following example:
+
+               0           1           2           3
+         +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+         | Var 1 (N) | Var 2 (I) | Var 3 (B) | Var 4 (I) | ...
+         +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+               4           5
+         +-----------+===========+
+         | Var 5 (N) | Var 6 (S) |
+         +-----------+===========+
+
+      In this example, enough variable boxes are in the packet diagram
+      to require being split into 2 sections to take up less horizontal
+      space in this documentation.  The packet diagram is seperated by
+      an ellipsis (...) on the same text row as the variable names to
+      signify that the packet diagram is continuing.
+
+1.2.  Motivations
+
+   This file format's primary goal is to provide a comprehensive and
+   replay device agnostic TAS movie controller input dump format that is
+   usable for any console.  Additional goals include:
+
+   *  No intermediary formats
+
+   *  Forward compatibility
+
+   *  High extensibility
+
+   *  Ability to easily generate using lua scripting in emulators
+
+   Consideration was also given to how usable the format would be for
+   the software that interacts with replay devices (examples: methods of
+   ingestion/parsing, ease of ingestion/parsing in various languages).
+
+1.2.1.  Problems With Existing Formats
+
+   Most existing formats are either incomplete for some verification
+   needs or don't exist at all for some consoles.  A format commonly
+   used for NES console verifications (r08) only encodes 2 standard
+   controllers worth of sequential data and a format commonly used for
+   SNES console verifications (r16m) only encodes up to 8 standard
+   controllers worth of sequential data.  There is no built in way to
+   store *RESET* press timing information or indicate additional
+   settings/information.  Non-standard controllers are also not
+   supported in commonly used formats.
+
+   For consoles not as popular as the NES and SNES, controller input
+   formats would frequently be written in a way that is meant only to
+   work and not in a "standard" way.  While that process works, it's
+   less than ideal for redistribution of console replays so that others
+   (especially with differing TAS replay devices) can also verify the
+   same TAS.
+
+2.  Header
+
+   *TASD* files MUST include a header, which MUST be in the following
+   format:
+
+           0    1    2    3     4      5          6
+         +----+----+----+----+------+------+--------------+
+         | Magic Number (A)  | Version (N) | G_KEYLEN (N) |
+         +----+----+----+----+------+------+--------------+
+
+         Magic Number (Binary Data)              [4 octets]
+         Version (Unsigned Integer)              [2 octets]
+         G_KEYLEN (Unsigned Integer)             [1 octet]
+
+   *Magic Number*
+      4 octet value that MUST be [54 41 53 44](ASCII value TASD).
+
+   *Version*
+      Version of the *TASD* file format.  Version currently MUST be a
+      value of 1.
+
+   *G_KEYLEN*
+      Global length of *Key* values of packets.  G_KEYLEN currently MUST
+      be a value of 2.
+
+3.  Packets
+
+   Packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+         +=========+----------+==========+=============+
+         | Key (A) | PEXP (N) | PLEN (N) | Payload (A) |
+         +=========+----------+==========+=============+
+
+         Key (Binary Data)                     [G_KEYLEN octets]
+         PEXP (Unsigned Integer)               [1 octet]
+         PLEN (Unsigned Integer)               [PEXP octets]
+         Payload (Binary Data)                 [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Key*
+      Packet type (Packet key).
+
+   *PEXP*
+      Length of *PLEN*.
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of *Payload*.
+
+   *Payload*
+      Payload/Content of the packet.
+
+   *G_KEYLEN*
+      Length of *Key* in packets and is specified in the *TASD* file
+      header.
+
+   All packets are OPTIONAL.
+
+3.1.  Assigned Packet Keys Without Descriptions
+
+3.1.1.  General Keys
+
+   [00 01]  CONSOLE_TYPE
+   [00 02]  CONSOLE_REGION
+   [00 03]  GAME_TITLE
+   [00 04]  ROM_NAME
+   [00 05]  ATTRIBUTION
+   [00 06]  CATEGORY
+   [00 07]  EMULATOR_NAME
+   [00 08]  EMULATOR_VERSION
+   [00 09]  EMULATOR_CORE
+   [00 0A]  TAS_LAST_MODIFIED
+   [00 0B]  DUMP_CREATED
+   [00 0C]  DUMP_LAST_MODIFIED
+   [00 0D]  TOTAL_FRAMES
+   [00 0E]  RERECORDS
+   [00 0F]  SOURCE_LINK
+   [00 10]  BLANK_FRAMES
+   [00 11]  VERIFIED
+   [00 12]  MEMORY_INIT
+   [00 13]  GAME_IDENIFIER
+   [00 14]  MOVIE_LICENSE
+   [00 15]  MOVIE_FILE
+   [00 F0]  PORT_CONTROLLER
+
+3.1.2.  NES Specific Keys
+
+   [01 01]  NES_LATCH_FILTER
+   [01 02]  NES_CLOCK_FILTER
+   [01 03]  NES_OVERREAD
+   [01 04]  NES_GAME_GENIE_CODE
+
+3.1.3.  SNES Specific Keys
+
+   [02 02]  SNES_CLOCK_FILTER
+   [02 03]  SNES_OVERREAD
+   [02 04]  SNES_GAME_GENIE_CODE
+   [02 05]  SNES_LATCH_TRAIN (RESERVED)
+
+3.1.4.  Genesis Specific Keys
+
+   [08 04]  GENESIS_GAME_GENIE_CODE
+
+3.1.5.  Input Frame/Timing Keys
+
+   [FE 01]  INPUT_CHUNK
+   [FE 02]  INPUT_MOMENT
+   [FE 03]  TRANSITION
+   [FE 04]  LAG_FRAME_CHUNK
+   [FE 05]  MOVIE_TRANSITION
+
+3.1.6.  Extraneous Keys
+
+   [FF 01]  COMMENT
+   [FF FE]  EXPERIMENTAL
+   [FF FF]  UNSPECIFIED
+
+3.2.  Assigned Packet Keys With Descriptions
+
+3.2.1.  General Key Descriptions
+
+   [00 01] - CONSOLE_TYPE
+      Specifies console used on emulator when dumping the TAS controller
+      inputs.  This packet type is OPTIONAL but SHOULD be included in a
+      *TASD* file and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of
+      this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.1).
+
+   [00 02] - CONSOLE_REGION
+      Specifies video region of console used for the TAS.  This packet
+      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this
+      packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.2).
+
+   [00 03] - GAME_TITLE
+      Specifies the name of the game the TAS is written for.  This
+      packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1
+      of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.3).
+
+   [00 04] - ROM_NAME
+      Specifies the name of the specific ROM file used for the TAS.
+      This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more
+      than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.4).
+
+   [00 05] - ATTRIBUTION
+      Specifies the name of someone involved in the TAS or the creation
+      or management of the *TASD* file in order to provide proper
+      attribution for work done.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a
+      *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet type.
+      Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.5).
+
+   [00 06] - CATEGORY
+      Specifies the run category of the TAS.  This packet type is
+      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this
+      packet type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.6).
+
+   [00 07] - EMULATOR_NAME
+      Specifies the emulator used while dumping TAS controller inputs.
+      This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain
+      more than 1 of this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in
+      (Section 3.3.1.7).
+
+   [00 08] - EMULATOR_VERSION
+      Specifies the version of the emulator used while dump the TAS
+      controller inputs.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file
+      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type in direct form.
+      Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.8).
+
+   [00 09] - EMULATOR_CORE
+      Specifies the core of the emulator used while dumping the TAS
+      controller inputs.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file
+      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type in direct form.
+      Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.9).
+
+   [00 0A] - TAS_LAST_MODIFIED
+      Specifies when the TAS was last modified.  Frequently used to
+      specify the date and time when the TAS was published.  This packet
+      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1
+      of this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in
+      (Section 3.3.1.10).
+
+   [00 0B] - DUMP_CREATEED
+      Specifies when the *TASD* file was first created.  This packet is
+      OPTIONAL but SHOULD be included in a *TASD* file and a *TASD* file
+      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in
+      (Section 3.3.1.11).
+
+   [00 0C] - DUMP_LAST_MODIFIED
+      Specifies when the *TASD* file was last modified.  This packet is
+      OPTIONAL but SHOULD be included in a *TASD* file and a *TASD* file
+      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in
+      (Section 3.3.1.12).
+
+   [00 0D] - TOTAL_FRAMES
+      Specifies the total number of frames in the TAS.  This packet type
+      is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of
+      this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.13).
+
+   [00 0E] - RERECORDS
+      Specifies the total number of rerecords of the TAS.  This packet
+      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1
+      of this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in
+      (Section 3.3.1.14).
+
+   [00 0F] - SOURCE_LINK
+      Specifies the source link for the TAS.  This packet type is
+      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this
+      packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.15).
+
+   [00 10] - BLANK_FRAMES
+      Specifies the number of blank controller inputs or frames to
+      prepend to the inputs of the TAS when played on hardware.  This
+      packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more
+      than 1 of this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in
+      (Section 3.3.1.16).
+
+   [00 11] - VERIFIED
+      Specifies whether the TAS is verified to run on hardware, also
+      known as "console verified", using the *TASD* file.  This packet
+      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1
+      of this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in
+      (Section 3.3.1.17).
+
+   [00 12] - MEMORY_INIT
+      Specifies initial memory values used for the TAS.  This packet
+      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this
+      packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.18).
+
+   [00 13] - GAME_IDENTIFIER
+      Specifies an identifier for the game the TAS is written for.  This
+      can be checksums, hashes, or other identifying data.  This packet
+      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this
+      packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.19).
+
+   [00 14] - MOVIE_LICENSE
+      Specifies a copyright license for the TAS.  This packet type is
+      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet
+      type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.20).
+
+   [00 15] - MOVIE_FILE
+      Specifies the TAS movie data.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a
+      *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type.
+      Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.21).
+
+   [00 F0] - PORT_CONTROLLER
+      Specifies the controller type in specific console controller ports
+      for the TAS when played on hardware.  This packet type is OPTIONAL
+      and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet
+      type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.22).
+
+3.2.2.  NES Specific Key Descriptions
+
+   [01 01] - NES_LATCH_FILTER
+      Specifies a latch filter time in microseconds for how long how
+      long to wait after a latch signal until new latch signals SHOULD
+      be accepted by the replay device.  This packet type is OPTIONAL
+      and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet
+      type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.2.1).
+
+   [01 02] - NES_CLOCK_FILTER
+      Specifies a clock filter time in tenths of a microsecond (0.1
+      microseconds or 100 nanoseconds) for how long to wait after a
+      clock pulse until new clock pulses SHOULD be accepted by the
+      replay device.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file
+      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type in direct form.
+      Discussed in (Section 3.3.2.2).
+
+   [01 03] - NES_OVERREAD
+      Specifies whether a high or low signal SHOULD be sent to the NES
+      console if the console clocks the replay device for more input
+      buttons than are expected for the latch.  This packet type is
+      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this
+      packet type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.2.3).
+
+   [01 04] - NES_GAME_GENIE_CODE
+      Specifies a Game Genie code for the TAS.  This packet type is
+      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet
+      type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.2.4).
+
+3.2.3.  SNES Specific Key Descriptions
+
+   [02 02] - SNES_CLOCK_FILTER
+      Specifies a clock filter time in tenths of a microsecond (0.1
+      microseconds or 100 nanoseconds) for long how to wait after a
+      clock pulse before new clock pulses SHOULD be accepted by the
+      replay device.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file
+      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type in direct form.
+      Discussed in (Section 3.3.2.2).
+
+   [02 03] - SNES_OVERREAD
+      Specifies whether a high or low signal SHOULD be sent to the SNES
+      console if the console clocks the replay device for more input
+      buttons than are expected for the latch.  This packet type is
+      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this
+      packet type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.3.2).
+
+   [02 04] - SNES_GAME_GENIE_CODE
+      Specifies a Game Genie code for the TAS.  This packet type is
+      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet
+      type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.3.3).
+
+   [02 05] - SNES_LATCH_TRAIN (RESERVED)
+      This packet type is not yet designed and is intended to be
+      described in the future.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.3.4).
+
+3.2.4.  Genesis Specific Key Descriptions
+
+   [08 04] - GENESIS_GAME_GENIE_CODE
+      Specifies a Game Genie code for the TAS.  This packet type is
+      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet
+      type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.4.1).
+
+3.2.5.  Input Frame/Timing Key Descriptions
+
+   [FE 01] - INPUT_CHUNK
+      Specifies a chunk of input data for the TAS when played on
+      hardware.  All data from INPUT_CHUNK packets are concatenated
+      together in order of appearance in the *TASD* file.  If the
+      INPUT_CHUNK packet type is used, the PORT_CONTROLLER packet type
+      MUST be used.  If the INPUT_CHUNK packet type is used, the
+      INPUT_MOMENT packet type SHOULD NOT be used.  This packet type is
+      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet
+      type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.5.1).
+
+   [FE 02] - INPUT_MOMENT
+      Specifies input data that is sent from the replay device to the
+      console with specific timing.  If the INPUT_MOMENT packet type is
+      used, the PORT_CONTROLLER packet type MUST be used.  If the
+      INPUT_MOMENT packet type is used, the INPUT_CHUNK packet type
+      SHOULD NOT be used.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD*
+      file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in
+      (Section 3.3.5.2).
+
+   [FE 03] - TRANSITION
+      Specifies when a transition or change occurs during a TAS replay
+      (example: console reset or changing of controller types).  This
+      packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1
+      of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.5.3).
+
+   [FE 04] - LAG_FRAME_CHUNK
+      Specifies a chunk of lag frames in a TAS based on the original TAS
+      movie.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain
+      more than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.5.4).
+
+   [FE 05] - MOVIE_TRANSITION
+      Specifies when a transition or change occurs in the original TAS
+      movie (example: console reset or changing of controller types).
+      This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more
+      than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.5.5).
+
+3.2.6.  Extraneous Key Descriptions
+
+   [FF 01] - COMMENT
+      Comment data.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY
+      contain more than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in
+      (Section 3.3.6.1).
+
+   [FF FE] - EXPERIMENTAL
+      TASD file is using experimental packets.  This packet type is
+      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this
+      packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.6.2).
+
+   [FF FF] - UNSPECIFIED
+      Unspecified packet data.  Can contain any arbitrary data.  This
+      packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1
+      of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.6.3).
+
+3.3.  Packet Payload Formats
+
+3.3.1.  General Key Payload Formats
+
+3.3.1.1.  CONSOLE_TYPE Packet
+
+   CONSOLE_TYPE packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+                0          1...
+         +-------------+==========+
+         | Console (A) | Name (S) |
+         +-------------+==========+
+
+         Console (Binary Data):                  [1 octet]
+            [01] - NES <Nintendo Entertainment System>
+            [02] - SNES <Super Nintendo>
+            [03] - N64 <Nintendo 64>
+            [04] - GC <GameCube>
+            [05] - GB <Game Boy>
+            [06] - GBC <Game Boy Color>
+            [07] - GBA <Game Boy Advance>
+            [08] - Genesis <Sega Genesis/Sega Mega Drive>
+            [09] - A2600 <Atari 2600>
+            [FF] - Custom
+         Name (String)                           [PLEN - 1 octets]
+
+   *Console*
+      Game console the TAS movie is for.  There are pre-specified
+      console types, but a *TASD* file MAY use [FF] to specify a console
+      that is not in the pre-specified console types.
+
+   *Name*
+      Name of the console the TAS movie is for.  SHOULD be empty if
+      *Console* is not set to [FF].
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.2.  CONSOLE_REGION Packet
+
+   CONSOLE_REGION packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+                  0
+         +------------------+
+         | Video Signal (A) |
+         +------------------+
+
+         Video Signal (Binary Data):             [1 octet]
+            [01] - NTSC
+            [02] - PAL
+            [FF] - Other/Unknown
+
+   *Video Signal*
+      Specifies the video signal of the game console being emulated
+      while dumping the TAS movie controller inputs.
+
+3.3.1.3.  GAME_TITLE Packet
+
+   GAME_TITLE packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+             0...
+         +===========+
+         | Title (S) |
+         +===========+
+
+         Title (String)                          [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Title*
+      Game title the TAS movie is for (example: "Super Mario Bros. 3").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.4.  ROM_NAME Packet
+
+   ROM_NAME packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+             0...
+         +==========+
+         | Name (S) |
+         +==========+
+
+         Name (String)                           [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Name*
+      File name of the ROM used for the TAS movie (example: "Super Mario
+      Bros. 3 (J) [!].nes").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.5.  ATTRIBUTION Packet
+
+   ATTRIBUTION packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0         1...
+         +----------+==========+
+         | Type (A) | Name (S) |
+         +----------+==========+
+
+         Type (Binary Data)                      [1 octet]
+            [01] - Author
+            [02] - Verifier
+            [03] - TASD File Creator
+            [04] - TASD File Editor
+            [FF] - Other
+         Name (String)                           [PLEN - 1 octets]
+
+   *Type*
+      Function of the person who is being attributed.  *Author* is meant
+      for a TAS movie author.  *Verifier* is meant for a person who
+      initially console verified the the TAS movie using the *TASD
+      file*.  *TASD File Creator* is meant for the person who initially
+      dumped the TAS movie controller inputs into the *TASD* file.
+      *TASD File Editor* is meant for a person who edited the *TASD*
+      file.
+
+   *Name*
+      Name of the individual getting the attribution (example:
+      "OnehundredthCoin").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.6.  CATEGORY Packet
+
+   CATEGORY packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+               0...
+         +==============+
+         | Category (S) |
+         +==============+
+
+         Category (String)                       [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Category*
+      Name of the TAS movie run category (example: "Any %", "100%", "No
+      Warps").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.7.  EMULATOR_NAME Packet
+
+   EMULATOR_NAME packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+             0...
+         +==========+
+         | Name (S) |
+         +==========+
+
+         Name (String)                           [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Name*
+      Name of the emulator used to play the TAS movie while dumping
+      controller inputs (example: "FCEUX", "Bizhawk").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.8.  EMULATOR_VERSION Packet
+
+   EMULATOR_VERSION packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0...
+         +=============+
+         | Version (S) |
+         +=============+
+
+         Version (String)                        [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Version*
+      Version of the emulator used to play the TAS movie while dumping
+      controller inputs (example: "2.7.0").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.9.  EMULATOR_CORE Packet
+
+   EMULATOR_CORE packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+             0...
+         +==========+
+         | Core (S) |
+         +==========+
+
+         Core (String)                           [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Core*
+      Core of the emulator used to play the TAS movie while dumping
+      controller inputs (example: "NESHawk", "Gambatte").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload
+
+3.3.1.10.  TAS_LAST_MODIFIED Packet
+
+   TAS_LAST_MODIFIED packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+          0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7
+         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+         |  Unix Timestamp (I)   |
+         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+
+         Unix Timestamp (Signed Integer)         [8 octets]
+
+   *Unix Timestamp*
+      64-bit Unix timestamp of when the TAS movie was last modified.
+
+3.3.1.11.  DUMP_CREATED Packet
+
+   DUMP_CREATED packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+          0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7
+         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+         |  Unix Timestamp (I)   |
+         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+
+         Unix Timestamp (Signed Integer)         [8 octets]
+
+   *Unix Timestamp*
+      64-bit Unix timestamp of when the *TASD* file was created.
+
+3.3.1.12.  DUMP_LAST_MODIFIED Packet
+
+   DUMP_LAST_MODIFIED packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+          0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7
+         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+         |  Unix Timestamp (I)   |
+         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+
+         Unix Timestamp (Signed Integer)         [8 octets]
+
+   *Unix Timestamp*
+      64-bit Unix timestamp of when the *TASD* file was last modified.
+
+3.3.1.13.  TOTAL_FRAMES Packet
+
+   TOTAL_FRAMES packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+           0   1   2   3
+         +---+---+---+---+
+         |  Frames (N)   |
+         +---+---+---+---+
+
+         Frames (Unsigned Integer)               [4 octets]
+
+   *Frames*
+      Total number of frames of the TAS movie.
+
+3.3.1.14.  RERECORDS Packet
+
+   RERECORDS packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+           0   1   2   3
+         +---+---+---+---+
+         | Rerecords (N) |
+         +---+---+---+---+
+
+         Rerecords (Unsigned Integer)            [4 octets]
+
+   *Rerecords*
+      Total number of rerecords of the TAS movie.
+
+3.3.1.15.  SOURCE_LINK Packet
+
+   SOURCE_LINK packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+             0...
+         +==========+
+         | Link (S) |
+         +==========+
+
+         Link (String)                           [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Link*
+      URL that points to the TAS movie or submission (example:
+      "https://tasvideos.org/4567M").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.16.  BLANK_FRAMES Packet
+
+   BLANK_FRAMES packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+            0      1
+         +------+------+
+         | Frames (I)  |
+         +------+------+
+
+         Frames (Signed Integer)                 [2 octets]
+
+   *Frames*
+      Number of blank frames (inputs where no buttons are being pressed)
+      needed at the beginning of a TAS console replay of the TAS movie.
+      If *Frames* is a negative value, the value of *Frames* amount of
+      inputs of the TAS console replay of the TAS movie should be
+      removed.
+
+3.3.1.17.  VERIFIED Packet
+
+   VERIFIED packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+                0
+         +--------------+
+         | Verified (B) |
+         +--------------+
+
+         Verified (Boolean)                      [1 octet]
+
+   *Verified*
+      Boolean value that is *TRUE* if the *TASD* file has been
+      successfully console verified and *FALSE* if it has not been
+      verified.
+
+3.3.1.18.  MEMORY_INIT Packet
+
+   MEMORY_INIT packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+                 0          1      2          3
+         +---------------+------+------+--------------+
+         | Data Type (A) | Device (A)  | Required (B) | ...
+         +---------------+------+------+--------------+
+              4         5...       6...
+         +----------+==========+==========+
+         | NLEN (N) | Name (S) | Data (A) |
+         +----------+==========+==========+
+
+         Data Type (Binary Data):                [1 octet]
+            [01] - No Initialization Required
+            [02] - All [00]
+            [03] - All [FF]
+            [04] - [00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF] Repeating
+            [05] - Random
+            [FF] - Custom
+         Device (Binary Data):                   [2 octets]
+            [01 01] - NES CPU RAM
+            [01 02] - NES Cartridge Save Data
+            [02 01] - SNES CPU RAM
+            [02 02] - SNES Cartridge Save Data
+            [05 01] - GB CPU RAM
+            [05 02] - GB Cartridge Save Data
+            [06 01] - GBC CPU RAM
+            [06 02] - GBC Cartridge Save Data
+            [07 01] - GBA CPU RAM
+            [07 02] - GBA Cartridge Save Data
+            [08 01] - Genesis CPU RAM
+            [08 02] - Genesis Cartridge Save Data
+            [09 01] - A2600 CPU RAM
+            [09 02] - A2600 Cartridge Save Data
+            [FF FF] - Custom/Other Device
+         Required (Boolean)                      [1 octet]
+         NLEN (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
+         Name (String)                           [NLEN octets]
+         Data (Binary Data)                      [PLEN - NLEN -
+                                                  4 octets]
+
+   *Data Type*
+      Content type of initial memory.  If *Type* is not [FF], *Data*
+      SHOULD be empty (0 octet length binary data).
+
+   *Device*
+      Device/Location that is to have memory initialized.
+
+   *Required*
+      Boolean value that is *TRUE* if this memory initialization data is
+      known to be required and *FALSE* if the memory initialization data
+      is not known to be required.
+
+   *NLEN*
+      Length of *Name*
+
+   *Name*
+      Label for the memory initialization data (example: "CPU RAM",
+      "SAVE RAM").  If *Device* is [FF FF], *Name* SHOULD NOT be empty
+      (0 octet length string).
+
+   *Data*
+      Raw memory initialization data.  If *Data Type* is not [FF],
+      *Data* SHOULD be empty (0 octet length binary data).
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.19.  GAME_IDENTIFIER Packet
+
+   GAME_IDENTIFIER packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0          1            2...
+         +----------+----------+================+
+         | Type (A) | Base (A) | Identifier (A) |
+         +----------+----------+================+
+
+         Type (Binary Data):               [1 octet]
+            [01] - CRC-8 Checksum
+            [02] - CRC-16 Checksum
+            [03] - CRC-32 Checksum
+            [04] - MD5 Hash
+            [05] - SHA1 Hash
+            [06] - SHA224 Hash
+            [07] - SHA256 Hash
+            [08] - SHA384 Hash
+            [09] - SHA512 Hash
+            [0A] - SHA512/224 Hash
+            [0B] - SHA512/256 Hash
+            [0C] - SHA3-224 Hash
+            [0D] - SHA3-256 Hash
+            [0E] - SHA3-384 Hash
+            [0F] - SHA3-512 Hash
+            [10] - SHAKE-128 Hash
+            [11] - SHAKE-256 Hash
+            [FF] - Other
+         Base (Binary Data):                     [1 octet]
+            [01] - Raw Binary
+            [02] - Case Insensitive Base 16 (Hex) - RFC 4648
+            [03] - Case Insensitive Base 32 - RFC 4648
+            [04] - Base 64 - RFC 4648
+            [FF] - Other
+         Identifier (Binary Data)                [PLEN - 2 octets]
+
+   *Type*
+      Hash, checksum, or identifier algorithm *Identifier* is using.
+
+   *Base*
+      Describes the data encoding of *Identifier*.
+
+   *Identifier*
+      Game hash, checksum, or identifier data.
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload
+
+3.3.1.20.  MOVIE_LICENSE Packet
+
+   MOVIE_LICENSE packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+                0
+         +=============+
+         | License (S) |
+         +=============+
+
+         License (String)                        [PLEN octet]
+
+   *License*
+      License information for the TAS movie (example: "Creative Commons
+      Attribution 2.0").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.21.  MOVIE_FILE Packet
+
+   MOVIE_FILE packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0         1...      1+NLEN...
+         +----------+==========+=============+
+         | NLEN (N) | Name (S) |  Data (A)   |
+         +----------+==========+=============+
+
+         NLEN (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
+         Name (String)                           [NLEN + 1 octets]
+         Data (Binary Data)                      [PLEN - NLEN -
+                                                  1 octets]
+
+   *NLEN*
+      Length of *Name*.
+
+   *Name*
+      Name of the TAS movie (RECOMMENDED to use TAS movie file name, for
+      example: "100thcoinv2-smb3j-geg.bk2").
+
+   *Data*
+      TAS movie file data/content.
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.1.22.  PORT_CONTROLLER Packet
+
+   PORT_CONTROLLER packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0        1     2
+         +----------+-----+-----+
+         | Port (N) | Type (A)  |
+         +----------+-----+-----+
+
+         Port (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
+         Type (Binary Data):                     [2 octets]
+            [01 01] - NES Standard Controller
+            [01 02] - NES Four Score
+            [01 03] - (RESERVED) NES Zapper
+            [01 04] - (RESERVED) NES Power Pad
+            [01 05] - (RESERVED) Famicom Family BASIC Keyboard
+            [02 01] - SNES Standard Controller
+            [02 02] - SNES Super Multitap
+            [02 03] - SNES Mouse
+            [02 04] - (RESERVED) SNES Superscope
+            [03 01] - N64 Standard Controller
+            [03 02] - N64 Standard Controller with Rumble Pak
+            [03 03] - N64 Standard Controller with Controller Pak
+            [03 04] - N64 Standard Controller with Transfer Pak
+            [03 05] - N64 Mouse
+            [03 06] - (RESERVED) N64 Voice Recognition Unit (VRU)
+            [03 07] - (RESERVED) N64 RandNet Keyboard
+            [03 08] - N64 Densha de Go
+            [04 01] - GC Standard Controller
+            [04 02] - (RESERVED) GC Keyboard
+            [05 01] - GB Gamepad
+            [06 01] - GBC Gamepad
+            [07 01] - GBA Gamepad
+            [08 01] - Genesis (Mega Drive) 3-Button
+            [08 02] - Genesis (Mega Drive) 6-Button
+            [09 01] - A2600 Joystick
+            [09 02] - (RESERVED) A2600 Paddle
+            [09 03] - A2600 Keyboard Controller
+            [FF FF] - Other/Unspecified
+
+   *Port*
+      Controller port number (*Port* number MUST be *1-indexed*).
+
+   *Type*
+      Specifies the controller type connected to the *Port*.
+      *(RESERVED)* specifies that the controller type is not described
+      in this document, but the byte values are reserved for a later
+      version of the *TASD* file format protocol.  Input formats for
+      specific controller types are described in (Section 4).
+
+3.3.2.  NES Specific Key Payload Formats
+
+3.3.2.1.  NES_LATCH_FILTER Packet
+
+   NES_LATCH_FILTER packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+            0     1
+         +-----+-----+
+         | Time (N)  |
+         +-----+-----+
+
+         Time (Unsigned Integer)                 [2 octets]
+
+   *Time*
+      Latch filter length of time in microseconds.
+
+3.3.2.2.  NES_CLOCK_FILTER Packet
+
+   NES_CLOCK_FILTER packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0
+         +----------+
+         | Time (N) |
+         +----------+
+
+         Time (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
+
+   *Time*
+      Clock filter length of time in tenths of a microsecond (units of
+      0.1 microseconds or 100 nanoseconds).
+
+3.3.2.3.  NES_OVERREAD Packet
+
+   NES_OVERREAD packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0
+         +----------+
+         | High (B) |
+         +----------+
+
+         High (Boolean)                          [1 octet]
+
+   *High*
+      Boolean value that is *TRUE* if overread bits are set to high and
+      *FALSE* if overread bits are set to low.
+
+3.3.2.4.  NES_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet
+
+   NES_GAME_GENIE_CODE packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+             0...
+         +==========+
+         | Code (S) |
+         +==========+
+
+         Code (String)                           [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Code*
+      Game Genie code (example: "AATOZA").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.3.  SNES Specific Key Payload Formats
+
+3.3.3.1.  SNES_CLOCK_FILTER Packet
+
+   SNES_CLOCK_FILTER packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0
+         +----------+
+         | Time (N) |
+         +----------+
+
+         Time (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
+
+   *Time*
+      Clock filter length of time in tenths of a microsecond (units of
+      0.1 microseconds or 100 nanoseconds).
+
+3.3.3.2.  SNES_OVERREAD Packet
+
+   SNES_OVERREAD packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0
+         +----------+
+         | High (B) |
+         +----------+
+
+         High (Boolean)                          [1 octet]
+
+   *High*
+      Boolean value that is *TRUE* if overread bits are set to high and
+      *FALSE* if overread bits are set to low.
+
+3.3.3.3.  SNES_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet
+
+   SNES_GAME_GENIE_CODE packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+             0...
+         +==========+
+         | Code (S) |
+         +==========+
+
+         Code (String)                           [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Code*
+      Game Genie code (example: "DDB4-6F07").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.3.4.  SNES_LATCH_TRAIN Packet (RESERVED)
+
+   This packet type is not yet designed and is intended to be described
+   in the future.
+
+3.3.4.  Genesis Specific Key Payload Formats
+
+3.3.4.1.  GENESIS_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet
+
+   GENESIS_GAME_GENIE_CODE packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+             0...
+         +==========+
+         | Code (S) |
+         +==========+
+
+         Code (String)                           [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Code*
+      Game Genie code (example: "ATBT-AA32").
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.5.  Input Frame/Timing Key Payload Formats
+
+3.3.5.1.  INPUT_CHUNK Packet
+
+   INPUT_CHUNK packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0          1...
+         +----------+============+
+         | Port (N) | Inputs (A) |
+         +----------+============+
+
+         Port (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
+         Inputs (Binary Data)                    [PLEN - 1 octets]
+
+   *Port*
+      Controller port number (*Port* number MUST be *1-indexed*).
+
+   *Inputs*
+      Controller input data for controller on *Port*. Input values are
+      usually in native format (usually active-low).  Input formats for
+      specific controller types are described in (Section 4).
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+   A single INPUT_CHUNK packet MAY contain up to every input of a TAS
+   movie console replay and MAY contain fewer than every input of a TAS
+   movie console replay.  If there are more than 1 INPUT_CHUNK packets,
+   the INPUT_CHUNK packets MUST be in order of the TAS movie console
+   replay inputs, where earlier inputs in the TAS movie console replay
+   are earlier in the *TASD* file and later inputs in the TAS movie
+   console replay are later in the *TASD* file.
+
+3.3.5.2.  INPUT_MOMENT Packet
+
+   INPUT_MOMENT packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+              0             1         2  3  4  5  7  8  9  10
+         +----------+----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+         | Port (N) | Index Type (A) |       Index (N)       | ...
+         +----------+----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+             11...
+         +============+
+         | Inputs (B) |
+         +============+
+
+         Port (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
+         Index Type (Binary Data):               [1 octet]
+            [01] - Frame
+            [02] - Cycle Count
+            [03] - Milliseconds
+            [04] - Microseconds * 10
+         Index (Unsigned Integer)                [8 octets]
+         Inputs (Binary Data)                    [PLEN - 10 octets]
+
+
+   *Port*
+      Controller port number (*Port* number MUST be *1-indexed*).
+
+   *Type*
+      Determines specific timing type for start of *Inputs*.
+
+   *Index*
+      Time value to start sending *Inputs* data.
+
+   *Inputs*
+      Controller input data for controller on *Port*. Input values are
+      usually in native format (usually active-low).  Input formats for
+      specific controller types are described in (Section 4).
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.5.3.  TRANSITION Packet
+
+   TRANSITION packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+                  0        1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8       9
+         +----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+----------+
+         | Index Type (A) |       Index (N)       | Type (A) | ...
+         +----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+----------+
+             10...
+         +============+
+         | Packet (A) |
+         +============+
+
+         Index Type (Binary Data):               [1 octet]
+            [01] - Frame
+            [02] - Cycle Count
+            [03] - Milliseconds
+            [04] - Microseconds * 10
+            [05] - INPUT_CHUNK Index
+         Index (Unsigned Integer)                [8 octets]
+         Type (Binary Data):                     [1 octet]
+            [01] - Soft Reset
+            [02] - Power Reset
+            [03] - Restart TASD File
+            [FF] - Packet Derived
+         Inner Packet (Binary Data)              [PLEN - 10 octets]
+
+   *Input Type*
+      Determines specific timing type for start of transition.
+
+   *Index*
+      Time or offset value to start transition.
+
+   *Type*
+      Type of transition.  If *Type* is [FF], the transition action will
+      be interpreting a *TASD* packet.
+
+   *Inner Packet*
+      If *Type* is [FF], *Inner Packet* SHOULD be a *TASD* packet.
+      *Inner Packet* MUST NOT be a *INPUT_CHUNK*, *INPUT_MOMENT*,
+      *TRANSITION*, *LAG_FRAME_CHUNK*, or *MOVIE_TRANSITION* packet.
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload (Not *Inner Packet* length).
+
+3.3.5.4.  LAG_FRAME_CHUNK Packet
+
+   LAG_FRAME_CHUNK packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+           0    1    2    3   4  5  6  7
+         +----+----+----+----+--+--+--+--+
+         |  Movie Frame (N)  | Count (N) |
+         +----+----+----+----+--+--+--+--+
+
+         Movie Frame (Unsigned Integer)          [4 octets]
+         Count (Unsigned Integer)                [4 octets]
+
+   *Movie Frame*
+      Frame number of the TAS movie where Lag Frames start (*Movie
+      Frame* MUST be *0-indexed*).
+
+   *Count*
+      Number of Lag Frames in a row starting from *Movie Frame*.
+
+3.3.5.5.  MOVIE_TRANSITION
+
+   MOVIE_TRANSITION packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+           0    1    2    3       4             5...
+         +----+----+----+----+----------+==================+
+         |  Movie Frame (N)  | Type (A) | Inner Packet (A) |
+         +----+----+----+----+----------+==================+
+
+         Movie Frame (Unsigned Integer)          [4 octets]
+         Type (Binary Data):                     [1 octet]
+            [01] - Soft Reset
+            [02] - Power Reset
+            [03] - Restart TASD File
+            [FF] - Packet Derived
+         Inner Packet (Binary Data)              [PLEN - 5 octets]
+
+   *Movie Frame*
+      Frame number of the TAS movie (*Movie Frame* MUST be *0-indexed*).
+
+   *Type*
+      Type of transition.  If *Type* is [FF], the transition action will
+      be interpreting a *TASD* packet.
+
+   *Inner Packet*
+      If *Type* is [FF], *Inner Packet* SHOULD be a *TASD* packet.
+      *Inner Packet* MUST NOT be a *INPUT_CHUNK*, *INPUT_MOMENT*,
+      *TRANSITION*, *LAG_FRAME_CHUNK*, or *MOVIE_TRANSITION* packet.
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload (Not *Inner Packet* length).
+
+3.3.6.  Extraneous Key Payload Formats
+
+3.3.6.1.  COMMENT Packet
+
+   COMMENT packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+                0
+         +=============+
+         | Comment (S) |
+         +=============+
+
+         Comment (String)                        [PLEN octet]
+
+   *Comment*
+      Comment text.
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.6.2.  EXPERIMENTAL Packet
+
+   EXPERIMENTAL packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+                 0...
+         +==================+
+         | Experimental (B) |
+         +==================+
+
+         Experimental (Boolean)                  [PLEN octet]
+
+   *Experimental*
+      Boolean data that is *TRUE* if the TASD file is using experimental
+      features (Currently SHOULD be TRUE).
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+3.3.6.3.  UNSPECIFIED Packet
+
+   UNSPECIFIED packets MUST be in the following format:
+
+                   0...
+         +======================+
+         | Unspecified Data (A) |
+         +======================+
+
+         Unspecified Data (Binary Data)          [PLEN octets]
+
+   *Unspecified Data*
+      Arbitrary data.  Can be used for any data.  Because this is
+      unspecified data, there there is no guarantee any software to
+      control a TAS replay device will support data in this packet type.
+
+   *PLEN*
+      Length of the packet payload.
+
+4.  Controller Input Formats
+
+   A forward slash (*/*) is used to signify *active low*.  As an
+   example, if a bit is labeled as */A*, the bit MUST be 0 if the A
+   button is pressed and MUST be 1 if the A button is not pressed.
+
+   Multi-octet controller inputs are in little-endian order
+
+   Bit order for octets in controller inputs are high-order (MSB) (Most
+   significant bit to least significant bit), so bit 7 MUST be the left-
+   most bit of the octet and bit 0 MUST be the right-most bit of the
+   octet.
+
+4.1.  NES/Famicom Controller Types
+
+4.1.1.  NES Standard Controller
+
+   Single Input Length: 1 Octet
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  /A
+   Bit 6:  /B
+   Bit 5:  /Select
+   Bit 4:  /Start
+   Bit 3:  /Up
+   Bit 2:  /Down
+   Bit 1:  /Left
+   Bit 0:  /Right
+
+4.1.2.  NES Four Score
+
+   Single Input Length: 3 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  Controller N-1 /A
+   Bit 6:  Controller N-1 /B
+   Bit 5:  Controller N-1 /Select
+   Bit 4:  Controller N-1 /Start
+   Bit 3:  Controller N-1 /Up
+   Bit 2:  Controller N-1 /Down
+   Bit 1:  Controller N-1 /Left
+   Bit 0:  Controller N-1 /Right
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  Controller N-2 /A
+   Bit 6:  Controller N-2 /B
+   Bit 5:  Controller N-2 /Select
+   Bit 4:  Controller N-2 /Start
+   Bit 3:  Controller N-2 /Up
+   Bit 2:  Controller N-2 /Down
+   Bit 1:  Controller N-2 /Left
+   Bit 0:  Controller N-2 /Right
+
+   *Octet 2*
+
+   Bit 7:  1
+   Bit 6:  1
+   Bit 5:  0 if Controller Port is 2, otherwise 1
+   Bit 4:  0 if Controller Port is 1, otherwise 1
+   Bit 3:  1
+   Bit 2:  1
+   Bit 1:  1
+   Bit 0:  1
+
+   *Controller N* is the controller port number.  The NES Four Score
+   allows players 1 and 3 to input buttons on controller port 1 and
+   players 2 and 4 to input buttons on controller port 2.  *Controller
+   N-1* on controller port 1 is *Player 1*, *Controller N-2* on
+   controller port 1 is *Player 3*, *Controller N-1* on controller port
+   2 is *Player 2*, and *Controller N-2* on controller port 2 is *Player
+   4*.
+
+4.2.  SNES Controller Types
+
+4.2.1.  SNES Standard Controller
+
+   Single Input Length: 2 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  /B
+   Bit 6:  /Y
+   Bit 5:  /Select
+   Bit 4:  /Start
+   Bit 3:  /Up
+   Bit 2:  /Down
+   Bit 1:  /Left
+   Bit 0:  /Right
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  /A
+   Bit 6:  /X
+   Bit 5:  /L
+   Bit 4:  /R
+   Bit 3:  1
+   Bit 2:  1
+   Bit 1:  1
+   Bit 0:  1
+
+4.2.2.  SNES Mouse
+
+   Single Input Length: 4 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  1
+   Bit 6:  1
+   Bit 5:  1
+   Bit 4:  1
+   Bit 3:  1
+   Bit 2:  1
+   Bit 1:  1
+   Bit 0:  1
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  /Right button
+   Bit 6:  /Left button
+   Bit 5:  Current sensitivity (0: high sensitivity; 1: low or medium
+      sensitivity)
+   Bit 4:  Current sensitivity (0: medium sensitivity; 1: low or high
+      sensitivity)
+   Bit 3:  1
+   Bit 2:  1
+   Bit 1:  1
+   Bit 0:  0
+
+   *Octet 2*
+
+   Bits 7-1:  /Vertical displacement since last read
+   Bit 0:  Direction (0: up; 1: down)
+
+   *Octet 3*
+
+   Bits 7-1:  /Horizontal displacement since last read
+   Bit 0:  Direction (0: up; 1: down)
+
+4.3.  N64 Controller Types
+
+4.3.1.  N64 Standard Controller
+
+   Single Input Length: 4 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  A
+   Bit 6:  B
+   Bit 5:  Z
+   Bit 4:  Start
+   Bit 3:  D-Pad Up
+   Bit 2:  D-Pad Down
+   Bit 1:  D-Pad Left
+   Bit 0:  D-Pad Right
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  RST (special controller reset bit)
+   Bit 6:  0
+   Bit 5:  Left Trigger
+   Bit 4:  Right Trigger
+   Bit 3:  C-Up
+   Bit 2:  C-Down
+   Bit 1:  C-Left
+   Bit 0:  C-Right
+
+   *Octet 2*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+   *Octet 3*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+4.3.2.  N64 Standard Controller with Rumble
+
+   Single Input Length: 4 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  A
+   Bit 6:  B
+   Bit 5:  Z
+   Bit 4:  Start
+   Bit 3:  D-Pad Up
+   Bit 2:  D-Pad Down
+   Bit 1:  D-Pad Left
+   Bit 0:  D-Pad Right
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  RST (special controller reset bit)
+   Bit 6:  0
+   Bit 5:  Left Trigger
+   Bit 4:  Right Trigger
+   Bit 3:  C-Up
+   Bit 2:  C-Down
+   Bit 1:  C-Left
+   Bit 0:  C-Right
+
+   *Octet 2*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+   *Octet 3*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+4.3.3.  N64 Standard Controller with Controller Pak
+
+   Single Input Length: 4 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  A
+   Bit 6:  B
+   Bit 5:  Z
+   Bit 4:  Start
+   Bit 3:  D-Pad Up
+   Bit 2:  D-Pad Down
+   Bit 1:  D-Pad Left
+   Bit 0:  D-Pad Right
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  RST (special controller reset bit)
+   Bit 6:  0
+   Bit 5:  Left Trigger
+   Bit 4:  Right Trigger
+   Bit 3:  C-Up
+   Bit 2:  C-Down
+   Bit 1:  C-Left
+   Bit 0:  C-Right
+
+   *Octet 2*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+   *Octet 3*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+4.3.4.  N64 Standard Controller with Transfer Pak
+
+   Single Input Length: 4 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  A
+   Bit 6:  B
+   Bit 5:  Z
+   Bit 4:  Start
+   Bit 3:  D-Pad Up
+   Bit 2:  D-Pad Down
+   Bit 1:  D-Pad Left
+   Bit 0:  D-Pad Right
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  RST (special controller reset bit)
+   Bit 6:  0
+   Bit 5:  Left Trigger
+   Bit 4:  Right Trigger
+   Bit 3:  C-Up
+   Bit 2:  C-Down
+   Bit 1:  C-Left
+   Bit 0:  C-Right
+
+   *Octet 2*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+   *Octet 3*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+4.3.5.  N64 Mouse
+
+   Single Input Length: 4 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  A
+   Bit 6:  B
+   Bit 5:  0
+   Bit 4:  0
+   Bit 3:  0
+   Bit 2:  0
+   Bit 1:  0
+   Bit 0:  0
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  0
+   Bit 6:  0
+   Bit 5:  0
+   Bit 4:  0
+   Bit 3:  0
+   Bit 2:  0
+   Bit 1:  0
+   Bit 0:  0
+
+   *Octet 2*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Relative X-Axis position (signed 8-bit number)
+
+   *Octet 3*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Relative Y-Axis position (signed 8-bit number)
+
+4.3.6.  N64 Densha de Go
+
+   Single Input Length: 4 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  A
+   Bit 6:  B
+   Bit 5:  Accelerator
+   Bit 4:  Start
+   Bit 3:  Accelerator
+   Bit 2:  0
+   Bit 1:  0
+   Bit 0:  Accelerator
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  0
+   Bit 6:  0
+   Bit 5:  C
+   Bit 4:  Select
+   Bits 3-0:  Brake
+
+   *Octet 2*
+
+   Bit 7:  0
+   Bit 6:  0
+   Bit 5:  0
+   Bit 4:  0
+   Bit 3:  0
+   Bit 2:  0
+   Bit 1:  0
+   Bit 0:  0
+
+   *Octet 3*
+
+   Bit 7:  0
+   Bit 6:  0
+   Bit 5:  0
+   Bit 4:  0
+   Bit 3:  0
+   Bit 2:  0
+   Bit 1:  0
+   Bit 0:  0
+
+4.4.  GameCube Controller Types
+
+4.4.1.  GameCube Standard Controller
+
+   Single Input Length: 8 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  0
+   Bit 6:  0
+   Bit 5:  0
+   Bit 4:  Start
+   Bit 3:  Y
+   Bit 2:  X
+   Bit 1:  B
+   Bit 0:  A
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  1
+   Bit 6:  L
+   Bit 5:  R
+   Bit 4:  Z
+   Bit 3:  D-Pad Up
+   Bit 2:  D-Pad Down
+   Bit 1:  D-Pad Right
+   Bit 0:  D-Pad Left
+
+   *Octet 2*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+   *Octet 3*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+   *Octet 4*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  C-Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+   *Octet 5*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  C-Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)
+
+   *Octet 6*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  L Analog Value (unsigned 8-bit number)
+
+   *Octet 7*
+
+   Bits 7-0:  R Analog Value (unsigned 8-bit number)
+
+4.5.  Game Boy Controller Types
+
+4.5.1.  GB Standard Controller
+
+   Single Input Length: 1 Octet
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  /Down
+   Bit 6:  /Up
+   Bit 5:  /Left
+   Bit 4:  /Right
+   Bit 3:  /Start
+   Bit 2:  /Select
+   Bit 1:  /B
+   Bit 0:  /A
+
+4.6.  Game Boy Color Controller Types
+
+4.6.1.  GBC Standard Controller
+
+   Single Input Length: 1 Octet
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  /Down
+   Bit 6:  /Up
+   Bit 5:  /Left
+   Bit 4:  /Right
+   Bit 3:  /Start
+   Bit 2:  /Select
+   Bit 1:  /B
+   Bit 0:  /A
+
+4.7.  Game Boy Advance Controller Types
+
+4.7.1.  GBA Standard Controller
+
+   Single Input Length: 2 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  1
+   Bit 6:  1
+   Bit 5:  1
+   Bit 4:  1
+   Bit 3:  1
+   Bit 2:  1
+   Bit 1:  /L
+   Bit 0:  /R
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  /Down
+   Bit 6:  /Up
+   Bit 5:  /Left
+   Bit 4:  /Right
+   Bit 3:  /Start
+   Bit 2:  /Select
+   Bit 1:  /B
+   Bit 0:  /A
+
+4.8.  Genesis Controller Types
+
+4.8.1.  Genesis (Mega Drive) 3-Button
+
+   Single Input Length: 1 Octet
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  /A
+   Bit 6:  /Start
+   Bit 5:  /Up
+   Bit 4:  /Down
+   Bit 3:  /Left
+   Bit 2:  /Right
+   Bit 1:  /B
+   Bit 0:  /C
+
+4.8.2.  Genesis (Mega Drive) 6-Button
+
+   Single Input Length: 2 Octets
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  /A
+   Bit 6:  /Start
+   Bit 5:  /Up
+   Bit 4:  /Down
+   Bit 3:  /Left
+   Bit 2:  /Right
+   Bit 1:  /B
+   Bit 0:  /C
+
+   *Octet 1*
+
+   Bit 7:  /Z
+   Bit 6:  /Y
+   Bit 5:  /X
+   Bit 4:  /Mode
+   Bit 3:  1
+   Bit 2:  1
+   Bit 1:  1
+   Bit 0:  1
+
+4.9.  Atari 2600 Controller Types
+
+4.9.1.  A2600 Joystick
+
+   Single Input Length: 1 Octet
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  /Up
+   Bit 6:  /Down
+   Bit 5:  /Left
+   Bit 4:  /Right
+   Bit 3:  1
+   Bit 2:  /Button
+   Bit 1:  1
+   Bit 0:  1
+
+4.9.2.  A2600 Keyboard Controller
+
+   Single Input Length: 1 Octet
+
+   *Octet 0*
+
+   Bit 7:  /Row1 (key 1, 2, or 3 pressed)
+   Bit 6:  /Row2 (key 4, 5, or 6 pressed)
+   Bit 5:  /Row3 (key 7, 8, or 9 pressed)
+   Bit 4:  /Row4 (key *, 0, or # pressed)
+   Bit 3:  /Column1 (key 1, 4, 7, or * pressed)
+   Bit 2:  /Column3 (key 3, 6, 9, or # pressed)
+   Bit 1:  /Column2 (key 2, 5, 8, or 0 pressed)
+   Bit 0:  1
+
+5.  References
+
+5.1.  Normative References
+
+   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
+              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
+              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
+
+   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
+              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
+              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (c) 2021-2022, Vi Grey and Bigbass
+
+   All rights reserved.
+
+   Redistribution and use of this documentation in source (XML format)
+   and/or "compiled" forms (TXT, PDF, HTML, etc), with or without
+   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+   are met:
+
+   1.  Redistributions of source code (XML format) of this documentation
+       must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions,
+       and the following disclaimer in the documentation.
+
+   2.  Redistributions in compiled form (Converted to TXT, PDF, HTML,
+       and other formats) of this documentation must reproduce the above
+       copyright notice, this list of conditions, and the following
+       disclaimer in the documentation.
+
+   THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) "AS IS" AND ANY
+   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+   IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+   PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE
+   FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+   CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+   SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+   BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+   WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
+   OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+   DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+Authors' Addresses
+
+   Vi Grey
+   VG Interactive
+   Email: vi@vigrey.com
+   URI:   https://vigrey.com
+
+
+   Bigbass
+   URI:   https://github.com/bigbass1997