path: root/docs/tasd-spec-0001/draft-tasd-spec-0001.txt

Independent TAS Console Replay Research Group                    V. Grey
                                                                        
                                                                 Bigbass
                                                                        
                                                                 rasteri
                                                       14 September 2023


                TASD File Format Specification Version 1
                          draft-tasd-v0001-00

Abstract

   The *TASD* file format is used for storing "Tool Assisted Speedrun"
   or "Tool Assisted Superplay" (TAS) data for TAS replay devices to
   replay on physical video game console hardware.  The format is
   defined to be expandable for future needs.  The format is also
   defined to be parsable by programs that do not understand portions of
   the format, whether that is due to incomplete support of the format
   specification or due to new features being added to later versions of
   the specification at a later date.

   This document defines the file format specification for *TASD* files.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction
     1.1.  Overview and Preliminaries
       1.1.1.  Notation and Vocabulary
     1.2.  Motivations
       1.2.1.  Problems With Existing Formats
   2.  Header
   3.  Packets
     3.1.  Assigned Packet Keys Without Descriptions
       3.1.1.  General Keys
       3.1.2.  NES Specific Keys
       3.1.3.  SNES Specific Keys
       3.1.4.  Genesis Specific Keys
       3.1.5.  Input Frame/Timing Keys
       3.1.6.  Extraneous Keys
     3.2.  Assigned Packet Keys With Descriptions
       3.2.1.  General Key Descriptions
       3.2.2.  NES Specific Key Descriptions
       3.2.3.  SNES Specific Key Descriptions
       3.2.4.  Genesis Specific Key Descriptions
       3.2.5.  Input Frame/Timing Key Descriptions
       3.2.6.  Extraneous Key Descriptions
     3.3.  Packet Payload Formats
       3.3.1.  General Key Payload Formats
         3.3.1.1.  CONSOLE_TYPE Packet
         3.3.1.2.  CONSOLE_REGION Packet
         3.3.1.3.  GAME_TITLE Packet
         3.3.1.4.  ROM_NAME Packet
         3.3.1.5.  ATTRIBUTION Packet
         3.3.1.6.  CATEGORY Packet
         3.3.1.7.  EMULATOR_NAME Packet
         3.3.1.8.  EMULATOR_VERSION Packet
         3.3.1.9.  EMULATOR_CORE Packet
         3.3.1.10. TAS_LAST_MODIFIED Packet
         3.3.1.11. DUMP_CREATED Packet
         3.3.1.12. DUMP_LAST_MODIFIED Packet
         3.3.1.13. TOTAL_FRAMES Packet
         3.3.1.14. RERECORDS Packet
         3.3.1.15. SOURCE_LINK Packet
         3.3.1.16. BLANK_FRAMES Packet
         3.3.1.17. VERIFIED Packet
         3.3.1.18. MEMORY_INIT Packet
         3.3.1.19. GAME_IDENTIFIER Packet
         3.3.1.20. MOVIE_LICENSE Packet
         3.3.1.21. MOVIE_FILE Packet
         3.3.1.22. PORT_CONTROLLER Packet
       3.3.2.  NES Specific Key Payload Formats
         3.3.2.1.  NES_LATCH_FILTER Packet
         3.3.2.2.  NES_CLOCK_FILTER Packet
         3.3.2.3.  NES_OVERREAD Packet
         3.3.2.4.  NES_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet
       3.3.3.  SNES Specific Key Payload Formats
         3.3.3.1.  SNES_CLOCK_FILTER Packet
         3.3.3.2.  SNES_OVERREAD Packet
         3.3.3.3.  SNES_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet
         3.3.3.4.  SNES_LATCH_TRAIN Packet
       3.3.4.  Genesis Specific Key Payload Formats
         3.3.4.1.  GENESIS_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet
       3.3.5.  Input Frame/Timing Key Payload Formats
         3.3.5.1.  INPUT_CHUNK Packet
         3.3.5.2.  INPUT_MOMENT Packet
         3.3.5.3.  TRANSITION Packet
         3.3.5.4.  LAG_FRAME_CHUNK Packet
         3.3.5.5.  MOVIE_TRANSITION
       3.3.6.  Extraneous Key Payload Formats
         3.3.6.1.  COMMENT Packet
         3.3.6.2.  EXPERIMENTAL Packet
         3.3.6.3.  UNSPECIFIED Packet
   4.  Controller Input Formats
     4.1.  NES/Famicom Controller Types
       4.1.1.  NES Standard Controller
       4.1.2.  NES Four Score
     4.2.  SNES Controller Types
       4.2.1.  SNES Standard Controller
       4.2.2.  SNES Mouse
       4.2.3.  SNES Super Multitap
     4.3.  N64 Controller Types
       4.3.1.  N64 Standard Controller
       4.3.2.  N64 Standard Controller with Rumble
       4.3.3.  N64 Standard Controller with Controller Pak
       4.3.4.  N64 Standard Controller with Transfer Pak
       4.3.5.  N64 Mouse
       4.3.6.  N64 Densha de Go
     4.4.  GameCube Controller Types
       4.4.1.  GameCube Standard Controller
     4.5.  Game Boy Controller Types
       4.5.1.  GB Standard Controller
     4.6.  Game Boy Color Controller Types
       4.6.1.  GBC Standard Controller
     4.7.  Game Boy Advance Controller Types
       4.7.1.  GBA Standard Controller
     4.8.  Genesis Controller Types
       4.8.1.  Genesis (Mega Drive) 3-Button
       4.8.2.  Genesis (Mega Drive) 6-Button
     4.9.  Atari 2600 Controller Types
       4.9.1.  A2600 Joystick
       4.9.2.  A2600 Keyboard Controller
   5.  References
     5.1.  Normative References
   Copyright Notice
   Authors' Addresses

1.  Introduction

   The Tool Assisted Speedrun Dump (*TASD*) interchange format is a file
   format for storing data to allow "Tool Assisted Speedruns" or "Tool
   Assisted Superplays" to be played on physical video game console
   hardware using TAS replay devices.  Created to be hardware and
   software agnostic, the *TASD* interchange format uses a key-based,
   binary, packet format to break up pieces of information into easily-
   parsable and forward-compatible chunks.  The format is extensible by
   simply defining additional keys or value types as necessary.  When
   parsing the file, software can skip any packets whose key is unknown
   or unsupported.

   Keys can be used multiple times or completely omitted as needed.
   This reusability eliminates the need of a predefined delimiter to
   separate pieces of data such as a list of TAS authors.

   While files generated by emulator dump scripts should provide as much
   information as possible, because keys are optional, the file can be
   expanded later with any additional data as desired.  No intermediary
   file format is necessary.

1.1.  Overview and Preliminaries

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

1.1.1.  Notation and Vocabulary

   Data Types:

      (S) = String
      (A) = Binary Data
      (I) = Signed Integer
      (N) = Unsigned Integer
      (B) = Boolean
      ([]N) = List of Unsigned Integers

   We use the terms *byte* and *octet* interchangeably in this document.

   Unless specified otherwise, all multi-octet integers are big-endian.

   We use the terms *Tool Assisted Speedrun*, *Tool Assisted Superplay*
   and *TAS* interchangeably in this document.

   In subsections of (Section 3.2), the term "in direct form" is used.
   That term is defined to mean a packet in a *TASD* file directly
   (first order packet) rather than a packet inside a TRANSITION or
   MOVIE_TRANSITION packet (second order packet).

   String values MUST use UTF-8 encoding.  If an example of a string
   value is given, the example will be between quotation marks.  The
   quotation marks are not included in the string.  Not all content
   between quotations will be string value examples, so be aware of that
   when continuing through this document.

   Unsigned and signed integers can have different bit widths.  For
   instance, an 8-bit integer can be used in one part of the
   specification and a 64-bit integer can be used in another part of the
   specification.

   Boolean values MUST be a single octet with the value of 0 for *FALSE*
   or 1 for *TRUE*.

   [N octets]  A sequence of octets with a length of N

   [00 7F FF]  A sequence of octets 00, 7F, and FF in that order.

   *0-indexed*  When counting sequentially, start counting at 0.

   *1-indexed*  When counting sequentially, start counting at 1.

   In packet diagrams, a single octet is represented with a box like
   this:

         +-----+
         | Var | <-- Vertical bars MAY be missing
         +-----+

      *Var* is a variable name.

   In packet diagrams, an arbitrary number of octets are represented
   with a box like this:

         +=====+
         | Var |
         +=====+

      *Var* is a variable name.

   In packet diagrams, boxes can be connected like these examples:

         +-----------+-----------+
         | Var 1 (B) | Var 2 (I) |
         +-----------+-----------+

      In this example, *Var 1* is a 1 octet long boolean value and *Var
      2* is a 1 octet long signed integer.

         +-----+-----+===========+
         | Var 1 (N) | Var 2 (S) |
         +-----+-----+===========+

      In this example, *Var 1* is a 2 octet long unsigned integer and
      *Var 2* is an arbitrary octet length string.

   In packet diagrams, boxes MAY have relative offset values above them
   like in the following example:

            0     1       2...
         +-----+-----+===========+
         | Var 1 (N) | Var 2 (S) |
         +-----+-----+===========+

      In this example, *Var 1* is a 2 octet long unsigned integer and
      *Var 2* is an arbitrary octet length string.

   Packet diagrams MAY be split into multiple lined sections like in the
   following example:

               0           1           2           3
         +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
         | Var 1 (N) | Var 2 (I) | Var 3 (B) | Var 4 (I) | ...
         +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
               4           5
         +-----------+===========+
         | Var 5 (N) | Var 6 (S) |
         +-----------+===========+

      In this example, enough variable boxes are in the packet diagram
      to require being split into 2 sections to take up less horizontal
      space in this documentation.  The packet diagram is separated by
      an ellipsis (...) on the same text row as the variable names to
      signify that the packet diagram is continuing.

1.2.  Motivations

   This file format's primary goal is to provide a comprehensive and
   replay device agnostic TAS movie controller input dump format that is
   usable for any console.  Additional goals include:

   *  No intermediary formats

   *  Forward compatibility

   *  High extensibility

   *  Ability to easily generate using lua scripting in emulators

   Consideration was also given to how usable the format would be for
   the software that interacts with replay devices (examples: methods of
   ingestion/parsing, ease of ingestion/parsing in various languages).

1.2.1.  Problems With Existing Formats

   Most existing formats are either incomplete for some verification
   needs or don't exist at all for some consoles.  A format commonly
   used for NES console verifications (r08) only encodes 2 standard
   controllers worth of sequential data and a format commonly used for
   SNES console verifications (r16m) only encodes up to 8 standard
   controllers worth of sequential data.  There is no built in way to
   store *RESET* press timing information or indicate additional
   settings/information.  Non-standard controllers are also not
   supported in commonly used formats.

   For consoles not as popular as the NES and SNES, controller input
   formats would frequently be written in a way that is meant only to
   work and not in a "standard" way.  While that process works, it's
   less than ideal for redistribution of console replays so that others
   (especially with differing TAS replay devices) can also verify the
   same TAS.

2.  Header

   *TASD* files MUST include a header, which MUST be in the following
   format:

           0    1    2    3     4      5          6
         +----+----+----+----+------+------+--------------+
         | Magic Number (A)  | Version (N) | G_KEYLEN (N) |
         +----+----+----+----+------+------+--------------+

         Magic Number (Binary Data)              [4 octets]
         Version (Unsigned Integer)              [2 octets]
         G_KEYLEN (Unsigned Integer)             [1 octet]

   *Magic Number*
      4 octet value that MUST be [54 41 53 44](ASCII value TASD).

   *Version*
      Version of the *TASD* file format.  Version currently MUST be a
      value of 1.

   *G_KEYLEN*
      Global length of *Key* values of packets.  G_KEYLEN currently MUST
      be a value of 2.

3.  Packets

   Packets MUST be in the following format:

         +=========+----------+==========+=============+
         | Key (A) | PEXP (N) | PLEN (N) | Payload (A) |
         +=========+----------+==========+=============+

         Key (Binary Data)                     [G_KEYLEN octets]
         PEXP (Unsigned Integer)               [1 octet]
         PLEN (Unsigned Integer)               [PEXP octets]
         Payload (Binary Data)                 [PLEN octets]

   *Key*
      Packet type (Packet key).

   *PEXP*
      Length of *PLEN*.

   *PLEN*
      Length of *Payload*.

   *Payload*
      Payload/Content of the packet.

   *G_KEYLEN*
      Length of *Key* in packets and is specified in the *TASD* file
      header.

   All packets are OPTIONAL.

3.1.  Assigned Packet Keys Without Descriptions

3.1.1.  General Keys

   [00 01]  CONSOLE_TYPE
   [00 02]  CONSOLE_REGION
   [00 03]  GAME_TITLE
   [00 04]  ROM_NAME
   [00 05]  ATTRIBUTION
   [00 06]  CATEGORY
   [00 07]  EMULATOR_NAME
   [00 08]  EMULATOR_VERSION
   [00 09]  EMULATOR_CORE
   [00 0A]  TAS_LAST_MODIFIED
   [00 0B]  DUMP_CREATED
   [00 0C]  DUMP_LAST_MODIFIED
   [00 0D]  TOTAL_FRAMES
   [00 0E]  RERECORDS
   [00 0F]  SOURCE_LINK
   [00 10]  BLANK_FRAMES
   [00 11]  VERIFIED
   [00 12]  MEMORY_INIT
   [00 13]  GAME_IDENTIFIER
   [00 14]  MOVIE_LICENSE
   [00 15]  MOVIE_FILE
   [00 F0]  PORT_CONTROLLER

3.1.2.  NES Specific Keys

   [01 01]  NES_LATCH_FILTER
   [01 02]  NES_CLOCK_FILTER
   [01 03]  NES_OVERREAD
   [01 04]  NES_GAME_GENIE_CODE

3.1.3.  SNES Specific Keys

   [02 02]  SNES_CLOCK_FILTER
   [02 03]  SNES_OVERREAD
   [02 04]  SNES_GAME_GENIE_CODE
   [02 05]  SNES_LATCH_TRAIN

3.1.4.  Genesis Specific Keys

   [08 04]  GENESIS_GAME_GENIE_CODE

3.1.5.  Input Frame/Timing Keys

   [FE 01]  INPUT_CHUNK
   [FE 02]  INPUT_MOMENT
   [FE 03]  TRANSITION
   [FE 04]  LAG_FRAME_CHUNK
   [FE 05]  MOVIE_TRANSITION

3.1.6.  Extraneous Keys

   [FF 01]  COMMENT
   [FF FE]  EXPERIMENTAL
   [FF FF]  UNSPECIFIED

3.2.  Assigned Packet Keys With Descriptions

3.2.1.  General Key Descriptions

   [00 01] - CONSOLE_TYPE
      Specifies console used on emulator when dumping the TAS controller
      inputs.  This packet type is OPTIONAL but SHOULD be included in a
      *TASD* file and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of
      this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.1).

   [00 02] - CONSOLE_REGION
      Specifies video region of console used for the TAS.  This packet
      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this
      packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.2).

   [00 03] - GAME_TITLE
      Specifies the name of the game the TAS is written for.  This
      packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1
      of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.3).

   [00 04] - ROM_NAME
      Specifies the name of the specific ROM file used for the TAS.
      This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more
      than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.4).

   [00 05] - ATTRIBUTION
      Specifies the name of someone involved in the TAS or the creation
      or management of the *TASD* file in order to provide proper
      attribution for work done.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a
      *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet type.
      Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.5).

   [00 06] - CATEGORY
      Specifies the run category of the TAS.  This packet type is
      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this
      packet type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.6).

   [00 07] - EMULATOR_NAME
      Specifies the emulator used while dumping TAS controller inputs.
      This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain
      more than 1 of this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in
      (Section 3.3.1.7).

   [00 08] - EMULATOR_VERSION
      Specifies the version of the emulator used while dump the TAS
      controller inputs.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file
      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type in direct form.
      Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.8).

   [00 09] - EMULATOR_CORE
      Specifies the core of the emulator used while dumping the TAS
      controller inputs.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file
      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type in direct form.
      Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.9).

   [00 0A] - TAS_LAST_MODIFIED
      Specifies when the TAS was last modified.  Frequently used to
      specify the date and time when the TAS was published.  This packet
      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1
      of this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in
      (Section 3.3.1.10).

   [00 0B] - DUMP_CREATED
      Specifies when the *TASD* file was first created.  This packet is
      OPTIONAL but SHOULD be included in a *TASD* file and a *TASD* file
      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in
      (Section 3.3.1.11).

   [00 0C] - DUMP_LAST_MODIFIED
      Specifies when the *TASD* file was last modified.  This packet is
      OPTIONAL but SHOULD be included in a *TASD* file and a *TASD* file
      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in
      (Section 3.3.1.12).

   [00 0D] - TOTAL_FRAMES
      Specifies the total number of frames in the TAS.  This packet type
      is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of
      this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.13).

   [00 0E] - RERECORDS
      Specifies the total number of rerecords of the TAS.  This packet
      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1
      of this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in
      (Section 3.3.1.14).

   [00 0F] - SOURCE_LINK
      Specifies the source link for the TAS.  This packet type is
      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this
      packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.15).

   [00 10] - BLANK_FRAMES
      Specifies the number of blank controller inputs or frames to
      prepend to the inputs of the TAS when played on hardware.  This
      packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more
      than 1 of this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in
      (Section 3.3.1.16).

   [00 11] - VERIFIED
      Specifies whether the TAS is verified to run on hardware, also
      known as "console verified", using the *TASD* file.  This packet
      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1
      of this packet type in direct form.  Discussed in
      (Section 3.3.1.17).

   [00 12] - MEMORY_INIT
      Specifies initial memory values used for the TAS.  This packet
      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this
      packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.18).

   [00 13] - GAME_IDENTIFIER
      Specifies an identifier for the game the TAS is written for.  This
      can be checksums, hashes, or other identifying data.  This packet
      type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this
      packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.19).

   [00 14] - MOVIE_LICENSE
      Specifies a copyright license for the TAS.  This packet type is
      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet
      type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.20).

   [00 15] - MOVIE_FILE
      Specifies the TAS movie data.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a
      *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type.
      Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.21).

   [00 F0] - PORT_CONTROLLER
      Specifies the controller type in specific console controller ports
      for the TAS when played on hardware.  This packet type is OPTIONAL
      and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet
      type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.1.22).

3.2.2.  NES Specific Key Descriptions

   [01 01] - NES_LATCH_FILTER
      Specifies a latch filter time in microseconds for how long how
      long to wait after a latch signal until new latch signals SHOULD
      be accepted by the replay device.  This packet type is OPTIONAL
      and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet
      type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.2.1).

   [01 02] - NES_CLOCK_FILTER
      Specifies a clock filter time in tenths of a microsecond (0.1
      microseconds or 100 nanoseconds) for how long to wait after a
      clock pulse until new clock pulses SHOULD be accepted by the
      replay device.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file
      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type in direct form.
      Discussed in (Section 3.3.2.2).

   [01 03] - NES_OVERREAD
      Specifies whether a high or low signal SHOULD be sent to the NES
      console if the console clocks the replay device for more input
      buttons than are expected for the latch.  This packet type is
      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this
      packet type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.2.3).

   [01 04] - NES_GAME_GENIE_CODE
      Specifies a Game Genie code for the TAS.  This packet type is
      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet
      type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.2.4).

3.2.3.  SNES Specific Key Descriptions

   [02 02] - SNES_CLOCK_FILTER
      Specifies a clock filter time in tenths of a microsecond (0.1
      microseconds or 100 nanoseconds) for how long to wait after a
      clock pulse until new clock pulses SHOULD be accepted by the
      replay device.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file
      SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this packet type in direct form.
      Discussed in (Section 3.3.3.1).

   [01 03] - SNES_OVERREAD
      Specifies whether a high or low signal SHOULD be sent to the SNES
      console if the console clocks the replay device for more input
      buttons than are expected for the latch.  This packet type is
      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of this
      packet type in direct form.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.3.2).

   [01 04] - SNES_GAME_GENIE_CODE
      Specifies a Game Genie code for the TAS.  This packet type is
      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet
      type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.3.3).

   [01 04] - SNES_LATCH_TRAIN
      Specifies Latch Trains for TAS.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and
      a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet type.
      Discussed in (Section 3.3.3.4).

3.2.4.  Genesis Specific Key Descriptions

   [08 04] - GENESIS_GAME_GENIE_CODE
      Specifies a Game Genie code for the TAS.  This packet type is
      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet
      type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.4.1).

3.2.5.  Input Frame/Timing Key Descriptions

   [FE 01] - INPUT_CHUNK
      Specifies a chunk of input data for the TAS when played on
      hardware.  All data from INPUT_CHUNK packets are concatenated
      together in order of appearance in the *TASD* file.  If the
      INPUT_CHUNK packet type is used, the PORT_CONTROLLER packet type
      MUST be used.  If the INPUT_CHUNK packet type is used, the
      INPUT_MOMENT packet type SHOULD NOT be used.  This packet type is
      OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet
      type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.5.1).

   [FE 02] - INPUT_MOMENT
      Specifies input data that is sent from the replay device to the
      console with specific timing.  If the INPUT_MOMENT packet type is
      used, the PORT_CONTROLLER packet type MUST be used.  If the
      INPUT_MOMENT packet type is used, the INPUT_CHUNK packet type
      SHOULD NOT be used.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD*
      file MAY contain more than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in
      (Section 3.3.5.2).

   [FE 03] - TRANSITION
      Specifies when a transition or change occurs during a TAS replay
      (example: console reset or changing of controller types).  This
      packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1
      of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.5.3).

   [FE 04] - LAG_FRAME_CHUNK
      Specifies a chunk of lag frames in a TAS based on the original TAS
      movie.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain
      more than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.5.4).

   [FE 05] - MOVIE_TRANSITION
      Specifies when a transition or change occurs in the original TAS
      movie (example: console reset or changing of controller types).
      This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more
      than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.5.5).

3.2.6.  Extraneous Key Descriptions

   [FF 01] - COMMENT
      Comment data.  This packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY
      contain more than 1 of this packet type.  Discussed in
      (Section 3.3.6.1).

   [FF FE] - EXPERIMENTAL
      TASD file is using draft/experimental packets.  This packet type
      is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file SHOULD NOT contain more than 1 of
      this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.6.2).

   [FF FF] - UNSPECIFIED
      Unspecified packet data.  Can contain any arbitrary data.  This
      packet type is OPTIONAL and a *TASD* file MAY contain more than 1
      of this packet type.  Discussed in (Section 3.3.6.3).

3.3.  Packet Payload Formats

3.3.1.  General Key Payload Formats

3.3.1.1.  CONSOLE_TYPE Packet

   CONSOLE_TYPE packets MUST be in the following format:

                0          1...
         +-------------+==========+
         | Console (A) | Name (S) |
         +-------------+==========+

         Console (Binary Data):                  [1 octet]
            [01] - NES <Nintendo Entertainment System>
            [02] - SNES <Super Nintendo>
            [03] - N64 <Nintendo 64>
            [04] - GC <GameCube>
            [05] - GB <Game Boy>
            [06] - GBC <Game Boy Color>
            [07] - GBA <Game Boy Advance>
            [08] - Genesis <Sega Genesis/Sega Mega Drive>
            [09] - A2600 <Atari 2600>
            [FF] - Custom
         Name (String)                           [PLEN - 1 octets]

   *Console*
      Game console the TAS movie is for.  There are pre-specified
      console types, but a *TASD* file MAY use [FF] to specify a console
      that is not in the pre-specified console types.

   *Name*
      Name of the console the TAS movie is for.  SHOULD be empty if
      *Console* is not set to [FF].

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.2.  CONSOLE_REGION Packet

   CONSOLE_REGION packets MUST be in the following format:

                  0
         +------------------+
         | Video Signal (A) |
         +------------------+

         Video Signal (Binary Data):             [1 octet]
            [01] - NTSC
            [02] - PAL
            [FF] - Other/Unknown

   *Video Signal*
      Specifies the video signal of the game console being emulated
      while dumping the TAS movie controller inputs.

3.3.1.3.  GAME_TITLE Packet

   GAME_TITLE packets MUST be in the following format:

             0...
         +===========+
         | Title (S) |
         +===========+

         Title (String)                          [PLEN octets]

   *Title*
      Game title the TAS movie is for (example: "Super Mario Bros. 3").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.4.  ROM_NAME Packet

   ROM_NAME packets MUST be in the following format:

             0...
         +==========+
         | Name (S) |
         +==========+

         Name (String)                           [PLEN octets]

   *Name*
      File name of the ROM used for the TAS movie (example: "Super Mario
      Bros. 3 (J) [!].nes").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.5.  ATTRIBUTION Packet

   ATTRIBUTION packets MUST be in the following format:

              0         1...
         +----------+==========+
         | Type (A) | Name (S) |
         +----------+==========+

         Type (Binary Data)                      [1 octet]
            [01] - Author
            [02] - Verifier
            [03] - TASD File Creator
            [04] - TASD File Editor
            [FF] - Other
         Name (String)                           [PLEN - 1 octets]

   *Type*
      Function of the person who is being attributed.  *Author* is meant
      for a TAS movie author.  *Verifier* is meant for a person who
      initially console verified the the TAS movie using the *TASD
      file*.  *TASD File Creator* is meant for the person who initially
      dumped the TAS movie controller inputs into the *TASD* file.
      *TASD File Editor* is meant for a person who edited the *TASD*
      file.

   *Name*
      Name of the individual getting the attribution (example:
      "OnehundredthCoin").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.6.  CATEGORY Packet

   CATEGORY packets MUST be in the following format:

               0...
         +==============+
         | Category (S) |
         +==============+

         Category (String)                       [PLEN octets]

   *Category*
      Name of the TAS movie run category (example: "Any %", "100%", "No
      Warps").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.7.  EMULATOR_NAME Packet

   EMULATOR_NAME packets MUST be in the following format:

             0...
         +==========+
         | Name (S) |
         +==========+

         Name (String)                           [PLEN octets]

   *Name*
      Name of the emulator used to play the TAS movie while dumping
      controller inputs (example: "FCEUX", "Bizhawk").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.8.  EMULATOR_VERSION Packet

   EMULATOR_VERSION packets MUST be in the following format:

              0...
         +=============+
         | Version (S) |
         +=============+

         Version (String)                        [PLEN octets]

   *Version*
      Version of the emulator used to play the TAS movie while dumping
      controller inputs (example: "2.7.0").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.9.  EMULATOR_CORE Packet

   EMULATOR_CORE packets MUST be in the following format:

             0...
         +==========+
         | Core (S) |
         +==========+

         Core (String)                           [PLEN octets]

   *Core*
      Core of the emulator used to play the TAS movie while dumping
      controller inputs (example: "NESHawk", "Gambatte").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload

3.3.1.10.  TAS_LAST_MODIFIED Packet

   TAS_LAST_MODIFIED packets MUST be in the following format:

          0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7
         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
         |  Unix Timestamp (I)   |
         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

         Unix Timestamp (Signed Integer)         [8 octets]

   *Unix Timestamp*
      64-bit Unix timestamp of when the TAS movie was last modified.

3.3.1.11.  DUMP_CREATED Packet

   DUMP_CREATED packets MUST be in the following format:

          0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7
         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
         |  Unix Timestamp (I)   |
         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

         Unix Timestamp (Signed Integer)         [8 octets]

   *Unix Timestamp*
      64-bit Unix timestamp of when the *TASD* file was created.

3.3.1.12.  DUMP_LAST_MODIFIED Packet

   DUMP_LAST_MODIFIED packets MUST be in the following format:

          0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7
         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
         |  Unix Timestamp (I)   |
         +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

         Unix Timestamp (Signed Integer)         [8 octets]

   *Unix Timestamp*
      64-bit Unix timestamp of when the *TASD* file was last modified.

3.3.1.13.  TOTAL_FRAMES Packet

   TOTAL_FRAMES packets MUST be in the following format:

           0   1   2   3
         +---+---+---+---+
         |  Frames (N)   |
         +---+---+---+---+

         Frames (Unsigned Integer)               [4 octets]

   *Frames*
      Total number of frames of the TAS movie.

3.3.1.14.  RERECORDS Packet

   RERECORDS packets MUST be in the following format:

           0   1   2   3
         +---+---+---+---+
         | Rerecords (N) |
         +---+---+---+---+

         Rerecords (Unsigned Integer)            [4 octets]

   *Rerecords*
      Total number of rerecords of the TAS movie.

3.3.1.15.  SOURCE_LINK Packet

   SOURCE_LINK packets MUST be in the following format:

             0...
         +==========+
         | Link (S) |
         +==========+

         Link (String)                           [PLEN octets]

   *Link*
      URL that points to the TAS movie or submission (example:
      "https://tasvideos.org/4567M").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.16.  BLANK_FRAMES Packet

   BLANK_FRAMES packets MUST be in the following format:

            0      1
         +------+------+
         | Frames (I)  |
         +------+------+

         Frames (Signed Integer)                 [2 octets]

   *Frames*
      Number of blank frames (inputs where no buttons are being pressed)
      needed at the beginning of a TAS console replay of the TAS movie.
      If *Frames* is a negative value, the value of *Frames* amount of
      inputs of the TAS console replay of the TAS movie should be
      removed.

3.3.1.17.  VERIFIED Packet

   VERIFIED packets MUST be in the following format:

                0
         +--------------+
         | Verified (B) |
         +--------------+

         Verified (Boolean)                      [1 octet]

   *Verified*
      Boolean value that is *TRUE* if the *TASD* file has been
      successfully console verified and *FALSE* if it has not been
      verified.

3.3.1.18.  MEMORY_INIT Packet

   MEMORY_INIT packets MUST be in the following format:

                 0          1      2          3
         +---------------+------+------+--------------+
         | Data Type (A) | Device (A)  | Required (B) | ...
         +---------------+------+------+--------------+
              4         5...    5+NLEN...
         +----------+==========+==========+
         | NLEN (N) | Name (S) | Data (A) |
         +----------+==========+==========+

         Data Type (Binary Data):                [1 octet]
            [01] - No Initialization Required
            [02] - All [00]
            [03] - All [FF]
            [04] - [00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF] Repeating
            [05] - Random
            [FF] - Custom
         Device (Binary Data):                   [2 octets]
            [01 01] - NES CPU RAM
            [01 02] - NES Cartridge Save Data
            [02 01] - SNES CPU RAM
            [02 02] - SNES Cartridge Save Data
            [05 01] - GB CPU RAM
            [05 02] - GB Cartridge Save Data
            [06 01] - GBC CPU RAM
            [06 02] - GBC Cartridge Save Data
            [07 01] - GBA CPU RAM
            [07 02] - GBA Cartridge Save Data
            [08 01] - Genesis CPU RAM
            [08 02] - Genesis Cartridge Save Data
            [09 01] - A2600 CPU RAM
            [09 02] - A2600 Cartridge Save Data
            [FF FF] - Custom/Other Device
         Required (Boolean)                      [1 octet]
         NLEN (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
         Name (String)                           [NLEN octets]
         Data (Binary Data)                      [PLEN - NLEN -
                                                  5 octets]

   *Data Type*
      Content type of initial memory.  If *Type* is not [FF], *Data*
      SHOULD be empty (0 octet length binary data).

   *Device*
      Device/Location that is to have memory initialized.

   *Required*
      Boolean value that is *TRUE* if this memory initialization data is
      known to be required and *FALSE* if the memory initialization data
      is not known to be required.

   *NLEN*
      Length of *Name*

   *Name*
      Label for the memory initialization data (example: "CPU RAM",
      "SAVE RAM").  If *Device* is [FF FF], *Name* SHOULD NOT be empty
      (0 octet length string).

   *Data*
      Raw memory initialization data.  If *Data Type* is not [FF],
      *Data* SHOULD be empty (0 octet length binary data).

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.19.  GAME_IDENTIFIER Packet

   GAME_IDENTIFIER packets MUST be in the following format:

              0          1            2...
         +----------+----------+================+
         | Type (A) | Base (A) | Identifier (A) |
         +----------+----------+================+

         Type (Binary Data):               [1 octet]
            [01] - CRC-8 Checksum
            [02] - CRC-16 Checksum
            [03] - CRC-32 Checksum
            [04] - MD5 Hash
            [05] - SHA1 Hash
            [06] - SHA224 Hash
            [07] - SHA256 Hash
            [08] - SHA384 Hash
            [09] - SHA512 Hash
            [0A] - SHA512/224 Hash
            [0B] - SHA512/256 Hash
            [0C] - SHA3-224 Hash
            [0D] - SHA3-256 Hash
            [0E] - SHA3-384 Hash
            [0F] - SHA3-512 Hash
            [10] - SHAKE-128 Hash
            [11] - SHAKE-256 Hash
            [FF] - Other
         Base (Binary Data):                     [1 octet]
            [01] - Raw Binary
            [02] - Case Insensitive Base 16 (Hex) - RFC 4648
            [03] - Case Insensitive Base 32 - RFC 4648
            [04] - Base 64 - RFC 4648
            [FF] - Other
         Identifier (Binary Data)                [PLEN - 2 octets]

   *Type*
      Hash, checksum, or identifier algorithm *Identifier* is using.

   *Base*
      Describes the data encoding of *Identifier*.

   *Identifier*
      Game hash, checksum, or identifier data.

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload

3.3.1.20.  MOVIE_LICENSE Packet

   MOVIE_LICENSE packets MUST be in the following format:

                0
         +=============+
         | License (S) |
         +=============+

         License (String)                        [PLEN octet]

   *License*
      License information for the TAS movie (example: "Creative Commons
      Attribution 2.0").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.21.  MOVIE_FILE Packet

   MOVIE_FILE packets MUST be in the following format:

              0         1...      1+NLEN...
         +----------+==========+=============+
         | NLEN (N) | Name (S) |  Data (A)   |
         +----------+==========+=============+

         NLEN (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
         Name (String)                           [NLEN octets]
         Data (Binary Data)                      [PLEN - NLEN -
                                                  1 octets]

   *NLEN*
      Length of *Name*.

   *Name*
      Name of the TAS movie (RECOMMENDED to use TAS movie file name, for
      example: "100thcoinv2-smb3j-geg.bk2").

   *Data*
      TAS movie file data/content.

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.1.22.  PORT_CONTROLLER Packet

   PORT_CONTROLLER packets MUST be in the following format:

              0        1     2
         +----------+-----+-----+
         | Port (N) | Type (A)  |
         +----------+-----+-----+

         Port (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
         Type (Binary Data):                     [2 octets]
            [01 01] - NES Standard Controller
            [01 02] - NES Four Score
            [01 03] - (RESERVED) NES Zapper
            [01 04] - (RESERVED) NES Power Pad
            [01 05] - (RESERVED) Famicom Family BASIC Keyboard
            [02 01] - SNES Standard Controller
            [02 02] - SNES Super Multitap
            [02 03] - SNES Mouse
            [02 04] - (RESERVED) SNES Superscope
            [03 01] - N64 Standard Controller
            [03 02] - N64 Standard Controller with Rumble Pak
            [03 03] - N64 Standard Controller with Controller Pak
            [03 04] - N64 Standard Controller with Transfer Pak
            [03 05] - N64 Mouse
            [03 06] - (RESERVED) N64 Voice Recognition Unit (VRU)
            [03 07] - (RESERVED) N64 RandNet Keyboard
            [03 08] - N64 Densha de Go
            [04 01] - GC Standard Controller
            [04 02] - (RESERVED) GC Keyboard
            [05 01] - GB Gamepad
            [06 01] - GBC Gamepad
            [07 01] - GBA Gamepad
            [08 01] - Genesis (Mega Drive) 3-Button
            [08 02] - Genesis (Mega Drive) 6-Button
            [09 01] - A2600 Joystick
            [09 02] - (RESERVED) A2600 Paddle
            [09 03] - A2600 Keyboard Controller
            [FF FF] - Other/Unspecified

   *Port*
      Controller port number (*Port* number MUST be *1-indexed*).

   *Type*
      Specifies the controller type connected to the *Port*.
      *(RESERVED)* specifies that the controller type is not described
      in this document, but the byte values are reserved for a later
      version of the *TASD* file format protocol.  Input formats for
      specific controller types are described in (Section 4).

3.3.2.  NES Specific Key Payload Formats

3.3.2.1.  NES_LATCH_FILTER Packet

   NES_LATCH_FILTER packets MUST be in the following format:

            0     1
         +-----+-----+
         | Time (N)  |
         +-----+-----+

         Time (Unsigned Integer)                 [2 octets]

   *Time*
      Latch filter length of time in microseconds.

3.3.2.2.  NES_CLOCK_FILTER Packet

   NES_CLOCK_FILTER packets MUST be in the following format:

              0
         +----------+
         | Time (N) |
         +----------+

         Time (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]

   *Time*
      Clock filter length of time in tenths of a microsecond (units of
      0.1 microseconds or 100 nanoseconds).

3.3.2.3.  NES_OVERREAD Packet

   NES_OVERREAD packets MUST be in the following format:

              0
         +----------+
         | High (B) |
         +----------+

         High (Boolean)                          [1 octet]

   *High*
      Boolean value that is *TRUE* if overread bits are set to high and
      *FALSE* if overread bits are set to low.

3.3.2.4.  NES_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet

   NES_GAME_GENIE_CODE packets MUST be in the following format:

             0...
         +==========+
         | Code (S) |
         +==========+

         Code (String)                           [PLEN octets]

   *Code*
      Game Genie code (example: "AATOZA").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.3.  SNES Specific Key Payload Formats

3.3.3.1.  SNES_CLOCK_FILTER Packet

   SNES_CLOCK_FILTER packets MUST be in the following format:

              0
         +----------+
         | Time (N) |
         +----------+

         Time (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]

   *Time*
      Clock filter length of time in tenths of a microsecond (units of
      0.1 microseconds or 100 nanoseconds).

3.3.3.2.  SNES_OVERREAD Packet

   SNES_OVERREAD packets MUST be in the following format:

              0
         +----------+
         | High (B) |
         +----------+

         High (Boolean)                          [1 octet]

   *High*
      Boolean value that is *TRUE* if overread bits are set to high and
      *FALSE* if overread bits are set to low.

3.3.3.3.  SNES_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet

   SNES_GAME_GENIE_CODE packets MUST be in the following format:

             0...
         +==========+
         | Code (S) |
         +==========+

         Code (String)                           [PLEN octets]

   *Code*
      Game Genie code (example: "DDB4-6F07").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.3.4.  SNES_LATCH_TRAIN Packet

   SNES_LATCH_TRAIN packets MUST be in the following format:

                     0...
         +====================+
         | Latch Trains ([]N) |
         +====================+

         Latch Trains (List of Unsigned Integers)  [PLEN octets]

   *Latch Trains*
      List of 64-bit unsigned integers in which each integer is the
      length of one Latch Train.  MUST be a multiple of 8 octets in size

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

   A single SNES_LATCH_TRAIN packet MAY contain up to every Latch Train
   of a SNES TAS movie console replay and MAY contain fewer than every
   Latch Train of a SNES TAS movie console replay.  There MAY be more
   than 1 SNES_LATCH_TRAIN packet.

3.3.4.  Genesis Specific Key Payload Formats

3.3.4.1.  GENESIS_GAME_GENIE_CODE Packet

   GENESIS_GAME_GENIE_CODE packets MUST be in the following format:

             0...
         +==========+
         | Code (S) |
         +==========+

         Code (String)                           [PLEN octets]

   *Code*
      Game Genie code (example: "ATBT-AA32").

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.5.  Input Frame/Timing Key Payload Formats

3.3.5.1.  INPUT_CHUNK Packet

   INPUT_CHUNK packets MUST be in the following format:

              0          1...
         +----------+============+
         | Port (N) | Inputs (A) |
         +----------+============+

         Port (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
         Inputs (Binary Data)                    [PLEN - 1 octets]

   *Port*
      Controller port number (*Port* number MUST be *1-indexed*).

   *Inputs*
      Controller input data for controller on *Port*. Input values are
      usually in native format (usually active-low).  Input formats for
      specific controller types are described in (Section 4).

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

   A single INPUT_CHUNK packet MAY contain up to every input of a TAS
   movie console replay and MAY contain fewer than every input of a TAS
   movie console replay.  If there are more than 1 INPUT_CHUNK packets,
   the INPUT_CHUNK packets MUST be in order of the TAS movie console
   replay inputs, where earlier inputs in the TAS movie console replay
   are earlier in the *TASD* file and later inputs in the TAS movie
   console replay are later in the *TASD* file.

3.3.5.2.  INPUT_MOMENT Packet

   INPUT_MOMENT packets MUST be in the following format:

              0             1         2  3  4  5  7  8  9  10
         +----------+----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
         | Port (N) | Index Type (A) |       Index (N)       | ...
         +----------+----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
             11...
         +============+
         | Inputs (B) |
         +============+

         Port (Unsigned Integer)                 [1 octet]
         Index Type (Binary Data):               [1 octet]
            [01] - Frame
            [02] - Cycle Count
            [03] - Milliseconds
            [04] - Microseconds * 10
         Index (Unsigned Integer)                [8 octets]
         Inputs (Binary Data)                    [PLEN - 10 octets]


   *Port*
      Controller port number (*Port* number MUST be *1-indexed*).

   *Type*
      Determines specific timing type for start of *Inputs*.

   *Index*
      Time value to start sending *Inputs* data.

   *Inputs*
      Controller input data for controller on *Port*. Input values are
      usually in native format (usually active-low).  Input formats for
      specific controller types are described in (Section 4).

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.5.3.  TRANSITION Packet

   TRANSITION packets MUST be in the following format:

                  0        1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8       9
         +----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+----------+
         | Index Type (A) |       Index (N)       | Type (A) | ...
         +----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+----------+
             10...
         +============+
         | Packet (A) |
         +============+

         Index Type (Binary Data):               [1 octet]
            [01] - Frame
            [02] - Cycle Count
            [03] - Milliseconds
            [04] - Microseconds * 10
            [05] - INPUT_CHUNK Index
         Index (Unsigned Integer)                [8 octets]
         Type (Binary Data):                     [1 octet]
            [01] - Soft Reset
            [02] - Power Reset
            [03] - Restart TASD File
            [FF] - Packet Derived
         Inner Packet (Binary Data)              [PLEN - 10 octets]

   *Input Type*
      Determines specific timing type for start of transition.

   *Index*
      Time or offset value to start transition.

   *Type*
      Type of transition.  If *Type* is [FF], the transition action will
      be interpreting a *TASD* packet.

   *Inner Packet*
      If *Type* is [FF], *Inner Packet* SHOULD be a *TASD* packet.
      *Inner Packet* MUST NOT be a *INPUT_CHUNK*, *INPUT_MOMENT*,
      *TRANSITION*, *LAG_FRAME_CHUNK*, or *MOVIE_TRANSITION* packet.

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload (Not *Inner Packet* length).

3.3.5.4.  LAG_FRAME_CHUNK Packet

   LAG_FRAME_CHUNK packets MUST be in the following format:

           0    1    2    3   4  5  6  7
         +----+----+----+----+--+--+--+--+
         |  Movie Frame (N)  | Count (N) |
         +----+----+----+----+--+--+--+--+

         Movie Frame (Unsigned Integer)          [4 octets]
         Count (Unsigned Integer)                [4 octets]

   *Movie Frame*
      Frame number of the TAS movie where Lag Frames start (*Movie
      Frame* MUST be *0-indexed*).

   *Count*
      Number of Lag Frames in a row starting from *Movie Frame*.

3.3.5.5.  MOVIE_TRANSITION

   MOVIE_TRANSITION packets MUST be in the following format:

           0    1    2    3       4             5...
         +----+----+----+----+----------+==================+
         |  Movie Frame (N)  | Type (A) | Inner Packet (A) |
         +----+----+----+----+----------+==================+

         Movie Frame (Unsigned Integer)          [4 octets]
         Type (Binary Data):                     [1 octet]
            [01] - Soft Reset
            [02] - Power Reset
            [03] - Restart TASD File
            [FF] - Packet Derived
         Inner Packet (Binary Data)              [PLEN - 5 octets]

   *Movie Frame*
      Frame number of the TAS movie (*Movie Frame* MUST be *0-indexed*).

   *Type*
      Type of transition.  If *Type* is [FF], the transition action will
      be interpreting a *TASD* packet.

   *Inner Packet*
      If *Type* is [FF], *Inner Packet* SHOULD be a *TASD* packet.
      *Inner Packet* MUST NOT be a *INPUT_CHUNK*, *INPUT_MOMENT*,
      *TRANSITION*, *LAG_FRAME_CHUNK*, or *MOVIE_TRANSITION* packet.

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload (Not *Inner Packet* length).

3.3.6.  Extraneous Key Payload Formats

3.3.6.1.  COMMENT Packet

   COMMENT packets MUST be in the following format:

                0
         +=============+
         | Comment (S) |
         +=============+

         Comment (String)                        [PLEN octet]

   *Comment*
      Comment text.

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.6.2.  EXPERIMENTAL Packet

   EXPERIMENTAL packets MUST be in the following format:

                 0...
         +==================+
         | Experimental (B) |
         +==================+

         Experimental (Boolean)                  [PLEN octet]

   *Experimental*
      Boolean data that is *TRUE* if the TASD file is using draft/
      experimental features (Currently SHOULD be *TRUE*) and *FALSE* if
      the TASD file is using only stable features.

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

3.3.6.3.  UNSPECIFIED Packet

   UNSPECIFIED packets MUST be in the following format:

                   0...
         +======================+
         | Unspecified Data (A) |
         +======================+

         Unspecified Data (Binary Data)          [PLEN octets]

   *Unspecified Data*
      Arbitrary data.  Can be used for any data.  Because this is
      unspecified data, there there is no guarantee any software to
      control a TAS replay device will support data in this packet type.

   *PLEN*
      Length of the packet payload.

4.  Controller Input Formats

   A forward slash (*/*) is used to signify *active low*.  As an
   example, if a bit is labeled as */A*, the bit MUST be 0 if the A
   button is pressed and MUST be 1 if the A button is not pressed.

   Multi-octet controller inputs are in little-endian order

   Bit order for octets in controller inputs are high-order (MSB) (Most
   significant bit to least significant bit), so bit 7 MUST be the left-
   most bit of the octet and bit 0 MUST be the right-most bit of the
   octet.

4.1.  NES/Famicom Controller Types

4.1.1.  NES Standard Controller

   Single Input Length: 1 Octet

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  /A
   Bit 6:  /B
   Bit 5:  /Select
   Bit 4:  /Start
   Bit 3:  /Up
   Bit 2:  /Down
   Bit 1:  /Left
   Bit 0:  /Right

4.1.2.  NES Four Score

   Single Input Length: 3 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  Controller N-1 /A
   Bit 6:  Controller N-1 /B
   Bit 5:  Controller N-1 /Select
   Bit 4:  Controller N-1 /Start
   Bit 3:  Controller N-1 /Up
   Bit 2:  Controller N-1 /Down
   Bit 1:  Controller N-1 /Left
   Bit 0:  Controller N-1 /Right

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  Controller N-2 /A
   Bit 6:  Controller N-2 /B
   Bit 5:  Controller N-2 /Select
   Bit 4:  Controller N-2 /Start
   Bit 3:  Controller N-2 /Up
   Bit 2:  Controller N-2 /Down
   Bit 1:  Controller N-2 /Left
   Bit 0:  Controller N-2 /Right

   *Octet 2*

   Bit 7:  1
   Bit 6:  1
   Bit 5:  0 if Controller Port is 2, otherwise 1
   Bit 4:  0 if Controller Port is 1, otherwise 1
   Bit 3:  1
   Bit 2:  1
   Bit 1:  1
   Bit 0:  1

   *Controller N* is the controller port number.  The NES Four Score
   allows players 1 and 3 to input buttons on controller port 1 and
   players 2 and 4 to input buttons on controller port 2.  *Controller
   N-1* on controller port 1 is *Player 1*, *Controller N-2* on
   controller port 1 is *Player 3*, *Controller N-1* on controller port
   2 is *Player 2*, and *Controller N-2* on controller port 2 is *Player
   4*.

4.2.  SNES Controller Types

4.2.1.  SNES Standard Controller

   Single Input Length: 2 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  /B
   Bit 6:  /Y
   Bit 5:  /Select
   Bit 4:  /Start
   Bit 3:  /Up
   Bit 2:  /Down
   Bit 1:  /Left
   Bit 0:  /Right

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  /A
   Bit 6:  /X
   Bit 5:  /L
   Bit 4:  /R
   Bit 3:  1
   Bit 2:  1
   Bit 1:  1
   Bit 0:  1

4.2.2.  SNES Mouse

   Single Input Length: 4 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  1
   Bit 6:  1
   Bit 5:  1
   Bit 4:  1
   Bit 3:  1
   Bit 2:  1
   Bit 1:  1
   Bit 0:  1

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  /Right button
   Bit 6:  /Left button
   Bit 5:  Current sensitivity (0: high sensitivity; 1: low or medium
      sensitivity)
   Bit 4:  Current sensitivity (0: medium sensitivity; 1: low or high
      sensitivity)
   Bit 3:  1
   Bit 2:  1
   Bit 1:  1
   Bit 0:  0

   *Octet 2*

   Bits 7-1:  /Vertical displacement since last read
   Bit 0:  Direction (0: up; 1: down)

   *Octet 3*

   Bits 7-1:  /Horizontal displacement since last read
   Bit 0:  Direction (0: up; 1: down)

4.2.3.  SNES Super Multitap

   Single Input Length: 5 Octets

   *Octet 0* :

   Bit 7:  1
   Bit 6:  1
   Bit 5:  1
   Bit 4:  1
   Bit 3:  1
   Bit 2:  1
   Bit 1:  1
   Bit 0:  I/O Pin State - *1* if Multitap ports *1 and 2* are being
      polled, *0* if ports *3 and 4* are.

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /B
   Bit 6:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /Y
   Bit 5:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /Select
   Bit 4:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /Start
   Bit 3:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /Up
   Bit 2:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /Down
   Bit 1:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /Left
   Bit 0:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /Right

   *Octet 2*

   Bit 7:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /A
   Bit 6:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /X
   Bit 5:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /L
   Bit 4:  Controller N-1 or N-3 /R
   Bit 3:  1
   Bit 2:  1
   Bit 1:  1
   Bit 0:  1

   *Octet 3*

   Bit 7:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /B
   Bit 6:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /Y
   Bit 5:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /Select
   Bit 4:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /Start
   Bit 3:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /Up
   Bit 2:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /Down
   Bit 1:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /Left
   Bit 0:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /Right

   *Octet 4*

   Bit 7:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /A
   Bit 6:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /X
   Bit 5:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /L
   Bit 4:  Controller N-2 or N-4 /R
   Bit 3:  1
   Bit 2:  1
   Bit 1:  1
   Bit 0:  1

   *Controller N* is the controller port number on the console that the
   Multitap is connected to. *Controller N-1...N-4* are the controller
   ports *1...4* on the Multitap.  Two Multitap ports are polled
   simultaneously by the game - either *1 and 2*, or *3 and 4*. The I/O
   Pin state in octet 0 MUST be *1* for multitap ports *1 and 2*, or *0*
   for ports *3 and 4*.

4.3.  N64 Controller Types

4.3.1.  N64 Standard Controller

   Single Input Length: 4 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  A
   Bit 6:  B
   Bit 5:  Z
   Bit 4:  Start
   Bit 3:  D-Pad Up
   Bit 2:  D-Pad Down
   Bit 1:  D-Pad Left
   Bit 0:  D-Pad Right

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  RST (special controller reset bit)
   Bit 6:  0
   Bit 5:  Left Trigger
   Bit 4:  Right Trigger
   Bit 3:  C-Up
   Bit 2:  C-Down
   Bit 1:  C-Left
   Bit 0:  C-Right

   *Octet 2*

   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

   *Octet 3*

   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

4.3.2.  N64 Standard Controller with Rumble

   Single Input Length: 4 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  A
   Bit 6:  B
   Bit 5:  Z
   Bit 4:  Start
   Bit 3:  D-Pad Up
   Bit 2:  D-Pad Down
   Bit 1:  D-Pad Left
   Bit 0:  D-Pad Right

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  RST (special controller reset bit)
   Bit 6:  0
   Bit 5:  Left Trigger
   Bit 4:  Right Trigger
   Bit 3:  C-Up
   Bit 2:  C-Down
   Bit 1:  C-Left
   Bit 0:  C-Right

   *Octet 2*

   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

   *Octet 3*

   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

4.3.3.  N64 Standard Controller with Controller Pak

   Single Input Length: 4 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  A
   Bit 6:  B
   Bit 5:  Z
   Bit 4:  Start
   Bit 3:  D-Pad Up
   Bit 2:  D-Pad Down
   Bit 1:  D-Pad Left
   Bit 0:  D-Pad Right

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  RST (special controller reset bit)
   Bit 6:  0
   Bit 5:  Left Trigger
   Bit 4:  Right Trigger
   Bit 3:  C-Up
   Bit 2:  C-Down
   Bit 1:  C-Left
   Bit 0:  C-Right

   *Octet 2*

   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

   *Octet 3*

   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

4.3.4.  N64 Standard Controller with Transfer Pak

   Single Input Length: 4 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  A
   Bit 6:  B
   Bit 5:  Z
   Bit 4:  Start
   Bit 3:  D-Pad Up
   Bit 2:  D-Pad Down
   Bit 1:  D-Pad Left
   Bit 0:  D-Pad Right

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  RST (special controller reset bit)
   Bit 6:  0
   Bit 5:  Left Trigger
   Bit 4:  Right Trigger
   Bit 3:  C-Up
   Bit 2:  C-Down
   Bit 1:  C-Left
   Bit 0:  C-Right

   *Octet 2*

   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

   *Octet 3*

   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

4.3.5.  N64 Mouse

   Single Input Length: 4 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  A
   Bit 6:  B
   Bit 5:  0
   Bit 4:  0
   Bit 3:  0
   Bit 2:  0
   Bit 1:  0
   Bit 0:  0

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  0
   Bit 6:  0
   Bit 5:  0
   Bit 4:  0
   Bit 3:  0
   Bit 2:  0
   Bit 1:  0
   Bit 0:  0

   *Octet 2*

   Bits 7-0:  Relative X-Axis position (signed 8-bit number)

   *Octet 3*

   Bits 7-0:  Relative Y-Axis position (signed 8-bit number)

4.3.6.  N64 Densha de Go

   Single Input Length: 4 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  A
   Bit 6:  B
   Bit 5:  Accelerator
   Bit 4:  Start
   Bit 3:  Accelerator
   Bit 2:  0
   Bit 1:  0
   Bit 0:  Accelerator

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  0
   Bit 6:  0
   Bit 5:  C
   Bit 4:  Select
   Bits 3-0:  Brake

   *Octet 2*

   Bit 7:  0
   Bit 6:  0
   Bit 5:  0
   Bit 4:  0
   Bit 3:  0
   Bit 2:  0
   Bit 1:  0
   Bit 0:  0

   *Octet 3*

   Bit 7:  0
   Bit 6:  0
   Bit 5:  0
   Bit 4:  0
   Bit 3:  0
   Bit 2:  0
   Bit 1:  0
   Bit 0:  0

4.4.  GameCube Controller Types

4.4.1.  GameCube Standard Controller

   Single Input Length: 8 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  0
   Bit 6:  0
   Bit 5:  0
   Bit 4:  Start
   Bit 3:  Y
   Bit 2:  X
   Bit 1:  B
   Bit 0:  A

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  1
   Bit 6:  L
   Bit 5:  R
   Bit 4:  Z
   Bit 3:  D-Pad Up
   Bit 2:  D-Pad Down
   Bit 1:  D-Pad Right
   Bit 0:  D-Pad Left

   *Octet 2*

   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

   *Octet 3*

   Bits 7-0:  Analog Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

   *Octet 4*

   Bits 7-0:  C-Stick X-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

   *Octet 5*

   Bits 7-0:  C-Stick Y-Axis (signed 8-bit number)

   *Octet 6*

   Bits 7-0:  L Analog Value (unsigned 8-bit number)

   *Octet 7*

   Bits 7-0:  R Analog Value (unsigned 8-bit number)

4.5.  Game Boy Controller Types

4.5.1.  GB Standard Controller

   Single Input Length: 1 Octet

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  /Down
   Bit 6:  /Up
   Bit 5:  /Left
   Bit 4:  /Right
   Bit 3:  /Start
   Bit 2:  /Select
   Bit 1:  /B
   Bit 0:  /A

4.6.  Game Boy Color Controller Types

4.6.1.  GBC Standard Controller

   Single Input Length: 1 Octet

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  /Down
   Bit 6:  /Up
   Bit 5:  /Left
   Bit 4:  /Right
   Bit 3:  /Start
   Bit 2:  /Select
   Bit 1:  /B
   Bit 0:  /A

4.7.  Game Boy Advance Controller Types

4.7.1.  GBA Standard Controller

   Single Input Length: 2 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  1
   Bit 6:  1
   Bit 5:  1
   Bit 4:  1
   Bit 3:  1
   Bit 2:  1
   Bit 1:  /L
   Bit 0:  /R

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  /Down
   Bit 6:  /Up
   Bit 5:  /Left
   Bit 4:  /Right
   Bit 3:  /Start
   Bit 2:  /Select
   Bit 1:  /B
   Bit 0:  /A

4.8.  Genesis Controller Types

4.8.1.  Genesis (Mega Drive) 3-Button

   Single Input Length: 1 Octet

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  /Up
   Bit 6:  /Down
   Bit 5:  /Left
   Bit 4:  /Right
   Bit 3:  /B
   Bit 2:  /C
   Bit 1:  /A
   Bit 0:  /Start

4.8.2.  Genesis (Mega Drive) 6-Button

   Single Input Length: 2 Octets

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  /Up
   Bit 6:  /Down
   Bit 5:  /Left
   Bit 4:  /Right
   Bit 3:  /B
   Bit 2:  /C
   Bit 1:  /A
   Bit 0:  /Start

   *Octet 1*

   Bit 7:  /Z
   Bit 6:  /Y
   Bit 5:  /X
   Bit 4:  /Mode
   Bit 3:  1
   Bit 2:  1
   Bit 1:  1
   Bit 0:  1

4.9.  Atari 2600 Controller Types

4.9.1.  A2600 Joystick

   Single Input Length: 1 Octet

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  /Up
   Bit 6:  /Down
   Bit 5:  /Left
   Bit 4:  /Right
   Bit 3:  1
   Bit 2:  /Button
   Bit 1:  1
   Bit 0:  1

4.9.2.  A2600 Keyboard Controller

   Single Input Length: 1 Octet

   *Octet 0*

   Bit 7:  /Row1 (key 1, 2, or 3 pressed)
   Bit 6:  /Row2 (key 4, 5, or 6 pressed)
   Bit 5:  /Row3 (key 7, 8, or 9 pressed)
   Bit 4:  /Row4 (key *, 0, or # pressed)
   Bit 3:  /Column1 (key 1, 4, 7, or * pressed)
   Bit 2:  /Column3 (key 3, 6, 9, or # pressed)
   Bit 1:  /Column2 (key 2, 5, 8, or 0 pressed)
   Bit 0:  1

5.  References

5.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2021-2023, Vi Grey, Bigbass, and rasteri

   All rights reserved.

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   PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE
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Authors' Addresses

   Vi Grey
   Email: vi@vigrey.com
   URI:   https://vigrey.com


   Bigbass
   URI:   https://github.com/bigbass1997


   rasteri
   URI:   https://github.com/rasteri